29 



Leptonycteris: Tliese bats form large colonies homing more than 1000 individuals. In their 

 northern habitats nursing females aggregate durmg springtime into breeding colonies 

 numbering thousands of animals; Smith & Genoways (1974) reported a colony of L. 

 ciirasoae on Isla Margarita (Venezuela), containing ahiiost 4000 females and nearly adult 

 juveniles, hi November no more juveniles but pregnant females and reproductive males 

 were found. 



In Texas and Mexico, young L. nivalis appear to be born during sunmier (Davis 1974). In 

 contrast Wilson (1979) caught pregnant L. sanborni in Mexico as well in February, March, 

 April as in July, September und November. 



Anoura: Pregnant and lactating A. ccmdifer were collected in January, February, May, June 

 and November by Carter & Jones (1978). Gardner (1970) reported on A. cultrata in 

 Columbia: a female taken in August carried a fetus of 28.5 mm length. Two specimens 

 capmred in west central Colombia on 17tli July aborted well developed fetuses ( 20 and 

 21 mm long); and lactating females were found on 30th and 31st July (Lemke & Tamsitt 

 1979). In southwestern Colombia the same authors collected tliree females on 10 August, 

 each contained a single embryo (11-14 mm crown-rump length). In Peru Carter (1968) 

 took lactating females on 16th und 21st August. Usually female A. cultrata bear a single 

 offspring, but there is also a report on twins (Tamsitt & Nagorsen 1982). The data 

 obtained of captive males in Costa Rica revealed sexually active individuals (testes > 6 

 mm) in February, May and July; in Panama in February; and in Colimibia in May, July 

 and early August. Testes of males collected in March and April in Venezuela and in late 

 August in Columbia and Pern were smaller (1-4 nmi) than those of specimens taken in 

 other months (Tamsitt & Nagorsen 1982). 



The data for A. geoffroyi compiled by Wilson (1979) suggest this species on Trinidad to 

 form colonies of separated sexes within the same caves during particular seasons. In June 

 there were 20 males and 25 females in one cave; in October 29 males and only one 

 female; in November 32 male and 56 female bats. In this region A. geoffroyi obviously 

 give birth to its offspring at the end of raining season, so pregnant females were found in 

 November. In Nicaragua pregnant females were taken in July, in Costa Rica in March and 

 in Peru in June and July. In Mexico nursing mothers were foimd im July, November and 

 December (Carter & Jones 1978; Wilson 1979). 



Hylonycteris: Carter (1966) mentioned a lactating female from Guatemala, captured on 

 2nd March. For JaHsco (Mexico) there are data by Phillips & Jones (1971) on tliree 

 pregnant female H. undenvoodi collected in early September each bearing a single fetus 

 of 14, 18 und 21 nmi crown-rump length. In December Hall & Dalquest (1963) took a 

 male with "small testes"; Gardner (1970) describes the testes of three males caught in 

 Costa Rica in February and one April and July as "moderately enlarged, averaging in 

 2.7x2.3 nmi". 



Choeronisciis: Pregnant females of C. godmani were netted in Mexico during May, in 

 Sinaloa (Mexico) in July, in Nicaragua during March and in Costa Rica in December, 

 January, February and March (LaVal & Fitch 1977; Wilson 1979). 

 During her field work Koepcke (1987) watched a female C. intermedins with a newborn 

 baby in the amazonian rainforest in Peru in late June. Animals captured in the months of 

 August, November und December showed no reproductive activity. On Trinidad a 

 pregnant female is noted in August, probably this species is bimodal polyestric (Tuttie 

 1970). 



