Communicated by the Rev. John A. Lloyd. 



113 



has been within my knowledge usual, at least in the upper classes 

 of the country, since the cultivation and use of the potato became 

 general. I cannot say very much more upon the anatomical data. 



" Viewed in the norma lateralis the arch of the vault describes an 

 equable curve from the centre of the glabella to the centre of the 

 superior squama of the occiput ; from which latter spot the contour 

 line bends slightly forwards and downwards to the occipital spine or 

 inion. This process is largely developed, duck-bill-shaped or bilabiate 

 at its free surface for the attachment of the muscles of the nape. 

 The temporal and. mastoid muscular markings are similarly well 

 marked. The zygomatic arch, though somewhat similarly marked, 

 is nevertheless slighter than is often the case in similar crania, and 

 a very large part of the inner wall of the orbit comes into view 

 when the skull is looked at in this norma lateralis. The angles of 

 the lower jaw are flanged out, both at the chin and at the angle of 

 the lower jaw, properly so called, whereby an expression of firmness 

 must have been given to the face as is still given to the skull. The 

 upper jaw is nearly, but not quite, orthognathous. 



" In the norma occipitalis the skull has the outlines of a pentagon 

 with its upper angles rounded off ; the point of maximum width lies 

 just above the free edge of the squamous, as is so often the case, or 

 so usually — owing to senile yielding of the walls — in skulls of this 

 character, at the later periods of life, but it is only by a very small 

 difference, less than the tenth of an inch, that the transverse diameter 

 at this level exceeds that at the spot corresponding to the rounded- 

 off parietal tubera. All the sutures visible in this view except the 

 squamous are very largely obliterated. 



a In the norma basalis the area visible is bisected transversely by 

 a line drawn as a tangent to the anterior edge of the occipital 

 foramen and such a line passes over the planes occupied by the external 

 auditory meatuses. The muscular ridges on the occipital bone are 

 well marked, as are also the posterior segments of the occipital 

 foramen for the insertion of ligaments. The palate is still deep 

 though very many teeth had been lost before death ; the canines 

 which are still in situ being very large, the anterior portion of the 

 palate takes a subquadrate form, the line occupied by the incisors 

 VOL. xix. — NO. LV. I 



