By Alfred C. Pass. 251 



had accumulated in that part of the trench which these flint-workers 

 occupied when they temporarily encamped there, lighted their fires, 

 cooked their food, and formed their flint weapons; and the depth of 

 this accumulation would imply a considerable lapse of time. 



The time of their stay must have been either summer or autumn, 

 for in the spring and winter months the level of their encampment, 

 which is 9ft, under the present surface of the meadow, would be 

 always under water, because it is much below the level of the ad- 

 jacent stream, which forms the only drainage for this district. In 

 the winter of every year this meadow is, even now, frequently 

 submerged by the overflow of the stream. 



Besides their weapons, these flint-men left behind some remains 

 of the animals which supplied them with food, and Professor Lloyd 

 Morgan has identified the bones of deer, ox, and pig; also of man's 

 faithful companion, the dog. We may infer that some of their 

 food was cooked by boiling, for the small sarsen stones found 

 associated with the other remains have all been burnt, and probably 

 have been used as pot-boilers. 



More remarkable still, there was found, in this black layer, a 

 human bone which had been broken into two pieces. It is a femur 

 possessing peculiar characteristics of some interest, from the fact of 

 the linea aspera being developed to a very unusual extent. 



I wish to direct attention to the lower jaws, and to the fragments 

 of bones, from this black layer. These fragments are just such 

 small hard pieces as we now see left uneaten by dogs ; and they are 

 evidently the dogs' leavings. Sir John Lubbock, in his account of 

 the Danish kitchen-middens, describes a similar fact, and he alludes 

 to the frequent occurrence of the lower jaws of animals which the 

 dogs had there left uneaten. 



In every shaft but one, many bones of animals were found in the 

 alluvium, at all depths. Professor Lloyd Morgan has kindly 

 examined these, and, with the exception of those bones found m 

 the black layer, pronounces that they belong exclusively to ox and 

 deer. It is remarkable that not any bones of sheep were found m 

 these excavations, although that animal has for many centuries been 

 most abundant in Wiltshire. 



