By W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S. 



163 



the " Cyclops Christianus " (1849), in which the author maintains 

 with great ability the date for Stonehenge (c. 470 A.D.) originally 

 assigned to it by Geoffrey of Monmouth. 



Group VI., a. Period of Scientific Study of the Eude Stone 

 Monuments : A. D. 1849 to A.D. 1902. The northern (Scandinavian) 

 archaeologists were the first to recognise that the present " Iron Age " 

 had been preceded by a " Bronze Age " ; and that there was a still 

 earlier "Stone Age." The publication of Worsaae's book in 1849, in 

 which these facts were stated, marks a new era. Following on these 

 lines we get Guest's papers (1851 — 83) ; and those of Dr. Thurnam 

 (1859 — 72); the last-named writer being (with Greenwell and 

 Kolleston, 1877), the great authority upon the barrows and their 

 contents. Other long series of papers, etc., by the Eev. A. C. Smith 

 (1857—86), by the Eev. W. C. Lukis (1864—88), by W. Cunnington 

 (1852—96), and by A. L. Lewis (1871—1901), must be noticed. 



Mr. W. Long's two papers — both published in the Wiltshire 

 Archaeological and Natural History Magazine — upon Abury (1858) 

 and Stonehenge (1876) have become classical, and will never be 

 superseded ; and in the same category we may place the work of 

 Sir Jno. Evans (1864—81), and Lord Avebury (1865—86). 



Dr. J as. Fergusson renewed old controversies about the Wiltshire 

 circles by his papers in the Quarterly Review (1860 and 1870) ; and 

 his letters to the Athenceum (1865 — 6) ; but especially by his famous 

 book upon " Eude Stone Monuments" (1872) — supporting once 

 more Geoffrey of Monmouth's post-Eoman theory. Though some 

 ■ archaeologists followed Fergusson's lead, the great majority of 

 scientific men in this country adopted the theory advocated by 

 Lord Avebury (1865) and others, that Stonehenge was a solar 

 temple of the Bronze Age ; to the early part of which epoch the 

 ruder unhewn circles of Avebury were also referred. 



Sir Henry James's book about Stonehenge (1867) deserves 

 mention for the fine series of photographs, etc., which it contains. 



• Group VI., b. "The Epoch of the Third Decimal" : 1880— 

 1902. Modern science — as typified by its latest representatives- 

 has taught us the necessity for extreme accuracy. It was by 

 carrying out the results of their weighings to the " third place of 



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