304 An Eiujlish Manor in the time of Elizabeth. 



farms hold on leases for throe lives for a Hue varying from £4 to 

 £48 each, and a yearly rent in money and grain hesides regular 

 weekly work on the manor farm. Juliana Walsh and her two 

 daughters held at Woodman ton one virgate of land, and two and a 

 half virgates of land held by hour tenure, and (three-quarters of a 

 virgate terrce natives] her rent was 43& 3Jrf., and 2.s\ (id for five 

 acres of bourd land. Her land was in acre strips, twenty-one 

 and a-half in Westfield, twenty-three in Smith field, twenty-three 

 and a-half in Xorthtield, and eleven and three-quarters in Kasttield, 

 and she had three acres in severalty. On the stubble and com- 

 mon pastures she could graze seventeen beasts and two hundred 

 and forty-five two-tooth sheep. Her grain rent was not the same 

 every year; in each of the first and second years she paid three 

 and a-half bushels of wheat; in the third seven bushels of oats; 

 and in the fourth eight and a-half bushels of wheat ; and so on 

 every four years. She had to send two men to the manor farm 

 for one day's sheep-washing, two men for one day's sheep-shearing 

 one man for one day's harvesting, one man to carry corn for half- 

 a-dav in autumn: then she had to plough and harrow as much 

 land on the manor farm as would require one bushel, three pecks, 

 one gallon of seed wheat to sow it, and she had to find the seed 

 and sow it. She had also to plough and harrow one " rudge " of 

 land for oats, and when she died a heriot had to be paid to the 

 lord of two best beasts. Relief we saw was a payment made by the 

 incoming tenant, the heriot was payable by the heir of a deceased 

 tenant, and was a vestige of the time when the lord gave a tenant 

 his military outfit, which reverted at death, when the lord gave if 

 to another. But in Juliana Walsh's holding wo have a much 

 (dearer trace of the early custom of the lord setting up the tenant. 

 She was bound to leave behind for her full hour Straw and thatch 



21& (>'/., and for her three-quarter bour L6a Irf., seed com for the 



summer sowing of the hour land, and seven quarters of barley, and 



si raw in feed one beast in t he winter. 



The grain rents thai varied every year in a rota of four years 

 "according to hour custom," were collected by a reeve and paid to 

 the grange at Wilton; and at the end of the >urve\ of Bower 



