By the Rev. IF. H. Jones. 



Kings, snch as Rufus, Beauclerc, and Cceur de Lion, are 

 illustrations of this custom. 



Latimer, — the holder of Ponberie (Pomeroy, near, Bradford-on 

 Avon) in the time of Domesday was Osmund Latimar (W. 

 Domesd. p. 130). The origin of the word would seem to 

 be Latin-arias (=Latin-er ;) — one, that is, whose skill in 

 Latin was presumed to enable him to understand other 

 languages. Sometimes we have Interpres used as a 

 synonym of Latimar. Blount says " Beneath Whittington 

 in Shropshire, one "Wrenoc, son of Meuric, held lands by 

 the service of being Latimer (i.e. interpreter) between the 

 English and the Welshmen. The word Lladmar is used 

 in the Welch version of Job xxxiii, 23, " If there be a 

 messenger with him, an interpreter &c" See Kenneths 

 Paroch. Antiq. (Glossary) : — also " England under the 

 Normans/' (p. 20). 



Mauduit, — In W. Domesday (p. 122) Gunfrid Maddoith (or 

 Malduit) is recorded as the holder of Calestone (Calstone) . 

 In the Exon Domesday the name is written Gunfridus 

 Maledoctus i.e. the " ill-taught/' or " unlearned/'' in 

 fact, as we might say colloquially, the " dtmce." The 

 Mauduit family were land-holders in 1316 at or near 

 Calstone. (See W. Domesd. p. 172.) 



Marshall ; — derived from the Marescallus, an office in the Norman 

 Court corresponding with the {C Steallere " and " Hors- 

 j?egn " among the Anglo-Saxons, whose duties consisted 

 in taking charge of everything connected with the royal 

 equipments. The holders of such an office became natur- 

 ally enough, in course of time, the head of the active and 

 disposable military force of the palace. Originally, the 

 word we now know as marshal, would not seem to have 

 been an appellation necessarily of any great repute. In 

 France, to this day, farriers are called mareschaux, and 

 Matthew Paris in 1252, uses the word marisehalcia as the 

 place for putting up horses. The word as Max Miiller 



