6 



Physical Types of the Inhabitants — (continued). 



Photographic Portraits. 



Facial characteristics are conveniently recorded by means of photo- P 

 graphs, taken in the three ways explained below. Amateurs in photo- 

 graphy are now so numerous that it is hoped the desired materials may 

 be abundantly supplied. At least twelve more or less beardless male r 

 adults and twelve female adults should be photographed. It will add 

 much to the value of the portrait if these same persons have also been ilf 

 measured. The photographs should be mounted on cards, each card J ^ 

 bearing the name of the district, and a letter or number to distinguish the !( 

 individual portraits ; the cards to be secured together by a thread passing L 

 loosely through a hole in each of their upper left-hand corners. Three 

 sorts of portrait are wanted, as follows : — 



(a) A few portraits of such persons as may, in the opinion of the 11 

 person who sends them, best convey the peculiar characteristics of the , 

 race. These may be taken in whatever aspect shall best display those 

 characteristics, and should be accompanied by a note directing attention 1 j 

 to them. 



(b) At least twelve portraits of the left side of the face of as many | 

 different adults of the same sex. These must show in each case the exact \ 

 profile, and the hair should be so arranged as fully to show the ear. All • ! 

 the persons should occupy in turn the same chair (with movable blocks j 1 

 on the seat, to raise the sitters' heads to a uniform height), the camera j 

 being fixed throughout in the same place. The portraits to be on such a 

 scale that the distance between the top of the head and the bottom of 

 the chin shall in no case be less than 1^ inch. Smaller portraits can 

 hardly be utilised in any way. If the incidence of the light be not the 

 same in all cases they cannot be used to make composite portraits. By .- 

 attending to the following hints the successive sitters may be made to 

 occupy so nearly the same position that the camera need hardly be re- 

 focussed. In regulating the height of the head it is tedious and clumsy 

 to arrange the proper blocks on the seat by trial. The simpler plan is to 

 make the sitter first take his place on a separate seat with its back to the j 

 wall, having previously marked on the wall, at heights corresponding to \ 

 those of the various heights of head, the numbers of the blocks that 

 should be used in each case. The appropriate number for the sitter is 

 noted, and the proper blocks are placed on the chair with the assurance 

 that what was wanted has been correctly done. The distance of the 

 sitter from the camera can be adjusted with much precision by fixing a 

 looking-glass in the wall (say five feet from his chair), so that he can see 

 the reflection of his face in it. The backward or forward position of the 

 sitter is easily controlled by the operator, if he looks at the sitter's head 

 over the middle of the camera, against a mark on the wall beyond. It 

 would be a considerable aid in making measurements of the features of 

 the portrait, and preventing the possibility of mistaking the district of 

 which the sitter is a representative, if a board be fixed above his head in 

 the plane of his profile, on which a scale of inches is very legibly marked, 

 and the name of the district written. This board should be so placed as 

 just to fall within the photographic plate. The background should be of 



a medium tint (say a sheet of light brown paper pinned against the wall 



