REVENUE AND INCOME. 
Within the past two years an enormous sum of money has 
been expended in the purchase of flour, produced from wheat 
grown in Chili and other South American Republics, and a 
proportionate sum paid in duty to the United States govern- 
ment. This duty, combined with the saving that could be 
effected in sending flour from the Atlantic States, via the Isth- 
mus of Tehu an tepee, would be virtually a prohibitory tariff 
against the admission of flour from those countries ; and while 
the demand would stimulate agriculture in the United States, the 
transportation across the Isthmus of what would be required for 
consumption in California, would add largely to the receipts of 
the railroad. Again, so long as California preserves her identity 
as a mining State, and her people their present character, she 
cannot, in the nature of things, become for many years a manu- 
facturing region. It is plain, therefore, that her dependence in 
this respect must be upon her Atlantic sisters, and the measure 
of the demand will be equivalent to the golden inducements 
which she offers for rapid and speedy settlement. 
Some idea of the dependence placed by the people of Cali- 
fornia on the crops of South America may be gleaned from the 
following extract from the Alta California of Dec. 15, 1851 : . 
" It is now twenty-eight days since we have had an arrival from the Ameri- 
can Atlantic ports. This causes more firmness in many articles. The arrivals 
of flour have also been very small, including a certain number of pounds (we 
forget how many), as reported in one of the papers from Oregon. 
The attention of wheat-growers in Chili has been much interfered with by 
recent disturbances there, and should they continue to this month, which is 
the period of saving their grain, the results will be unfavorable as to expected 
supplies. The news from Valparaiso has had sufficient effect to cause parties 
who offered to sell on Saturday, to put their prices up considerably." 
These facts, in combination with those expressed in the recent 
report of the Secretary of the Treasury (showing a balance of 
trade against us for the year ending June last of $38,000,000), 
clearly indicate the necessity on the part of the United States 
government for the adoption of some measures which shall 
end to create other markets for export than those we now have. 
Already we see the anomalous picture of two sections of our 
country suffering from this cause — the one from the want of 
