Oct.] PORT ST. JULIAN— SANTA CRUZ. 45 



where they form their rookeries for the purpose of laying their eggs 

 and hatching their young. 



Penguin Island lies about three leagues to the south of Port Desire, 

 and forms the northern point of Sea-lion's or Bear's Bay, so called 

 from the great number of hair-seal which resort thither. Off the south 

 point of this bay, at the distance of about four miles, are the Eddy- 

 stone Rocks ; and close to the land, at the bottom of a little cove to 

 the southward, is Flat Island. Inland, a little to the south, is to be 

 seen a mountain called Montevideo. 



From Cape de los Desvelos the coast takes a south-west direction, ' 

 for about eighty miles, to Port St. Julian. Between them, however, 

 lies St. Estevan, about five leagues from the cape, — a rocky shoal, 

 and dangerous to approach in the night. 



October 9th. — We came to anchor in the port of St. Julian on 

 Wednesday, the 9th, at one o'clock P. M., and found it to be a safe 

 harbour. The entrance to this port is in lat. 49° 8' S., long. 67° 

 40' 15" W. Variation per azimuth 23° easterly. It is somewhat 

 difficult to find the entrance to this port, on account of its southern or 

 outer point projecting past the northern point, so as to conceal the 

 opening. It may be known, however, by a large white cliff, stretch- 

 ing along shore from the south almost to the mouth of the harbour. No 

 trees are to be seen, but there are some dark bushes on the sides of 

 the hills. The bar at the entrance of this port sometimes shifts and 

 changes its position ; previous to attempting an entrance, therefore, I 

 would recommend sending in a boat to sound. In entering the har- 

 bour the course is about south-half-west, and the water sufficiently deep 

 when you are once over the bar, on which will be found, in the chan- 

 nel, about four fathoms at full sea. The tide rises here about twenty 

 feet. Both wood and water may be obtained at this place, though 

 with some difficulty ; and a ship can lie here in perfect safety from all 

 winds. The natives of the interior seldom visit this port except for 

 the purpose of fishing. 



October 10th. — On Thursday, the 10th, we again got underway, 

 and resumed our task. Between St. Julian's and Santa Cruz the 

 shore, which is bold and free from danger, runs in a south-west direc- 

 tion, and the distance is about thirty leagues. The entrance to Santa 

 Cruz harbour is in lat. 50° 12' S., long. 68° 13' W. The land to the 

 north of the harbour is steep chalk hills, and the mouth of the river is 

 obstructed with a number of rocks, one of which shows itself above 

 water, and is called Sea-lion's Island. The river penetrates into the 

 country in a north-west direction, and widens as you advance. This 

 river was first discovered in 1520, by Don Juan Serrano, captain of 

 the St. Jago, who accompanied Magellan in his voyage round the 

 world. The ship was wrecked in this river, but the crew were 

 saved. 



October \2th. — On Saturday, the 12th, we came to anchor in the port 

 of Santa Cruz, where, as usual, we made such surveys and observa- 

 tions as were deemed beneficial to the interests of nautical science. 

 Ships touching at this port may supply themselves with fish, wood, 

 and excellent water. In addition to this, two men expert with the rifle 



