CLASSIFICATION. 



47 



contain the IIeteromera as well as the greater part of the 

 Clavicorn series, the Malacoderms, the Elaterid/e, and Bupre- 

 STiDiE, etc. Kolbe also includes the Passalidte, which appears to 

 be contrary to all accepted views. 



The Anchistopoda are characterized by Kolbe as having the 

 penultimate joint of the tarsi very small and more or less hidden 

 between the lobes of the third joint ; they include the Phalacridse, 

 Cryptophagidae, Erotylidae, Prionidae, Cerambycidae, Bruchida*, 

 Chrysomelidae, Endomychidae, and Coceinellidae. 



The second great division of the Heterophaga is formed by the 

 Rhynchopiiora, including the families llhinoinaceridae, Anthri- 

 bidae, Oxycorynidae, Khynchitidae, Apionida3, Brachyceridae, Pro- 

 terhinidae, BrenthidaD, Platypidae, Tomicidae, and Curculionidae. 

 AVhile Leconte and Horn regard the Rhynchopbora as the lowest 

 representatives of: the Coleoptera, Kolbe places them at the head 

 of the order and assigns them the highest place. Kolbe has since 

 modified, expanded, and altered several of his views in a series of 

 articles in the ' Zeitscrift fur wissenschaftliche Insekten Biologic' 

 Band iv, 1908, pp. 116, 153, 219, 246, 286, 389, which are perhaps 

 the best that he has written on the subject. 



Although there is much that is good in his classification, yet in 

 the present state of our knowledge it is not likely to be adopted, 

 and we may pass on to the arrangement of Ganglbauer, which 

 appears to be the best that has yet been put forward. It will be 

 found fully explained in his interesting and exhaustive pamphlet 

 published in the ' Miinchener Koleopterologisehe Zeitschrift ' 

 (1903, pp. 271-319), for a copy of which I am much indebted to 

 the author, as well as for the use I have made of his work. 



According to Ganglbauer there are two suborders of Coleoptera, 

 Adephaga and Polyphaga; these are distinguished by him as 

 follows :— 



I. Adephaga. — Venation of wings of the Adephagid type (p. 40) ; 



ovaries with nutriment-chambers inserted between the egg- 

 chambers (meroistic) ; testes simple, tubular ; one pair of 

 accessory glands present in the male genital organs ; four 

 Malpighian tubes ; larvae more or less campodeiform, with 

 two-jointed tarsi ; habits, as a rule, active, predaceous, and 

 carnivorous ; to this may be added the fact that the an- 

 tennae are filiform, often setaceous, rarely moniliform or 

 irregular. 



II. Polyphaga. — Venation of the wings of the Staphylinid or 



Cantharid type (p. 42) ; ovaries with a single nutriment- 

 chamber at one end (holoistic); testes follicular; one or 

 more pairs of accessory glands present in the male genital 

 organs ; four or six Malpighian tubes ; larvae very variable ; 

 habits widely differing. 



We propose to adopt these two suborders, but to separate the 

 Lamellicornia from the second and place them in a third sub- 

 order at the head of the Coleoptera. They are the most homo- 

 geneous group, and appear to be distinct by reason of the 



