SINOBEXDBIILE. SCABAB.EID/E. 209 



[Family 102. SINODENDKID2E.] 



Small, or comparatively small, completely cylindrical insects ; 

 antennce rather short and stout, ivith a pectinate did), not elbowed or 

 geniculate ; mandibles short in both sexes and concealed by the head 

 (if 'viewed from above) ; ligida not concealed by the mentum ; male 

 with a long horn on the front ; anterior part of thorax suddenly cut 

 off at an angle of about 80°; prosternum very narrow ; legs short 

 and robust, the femora not or hardly visible beyond the elytra ; elytra 

 completely covering the abdomen ; all the coxce contiguous. 



Although only a few species (confined to Europe and North 

 America) are known as belonging to this family, yet they are so 

 very different from the Lucanid^ that they can hardly be retained 

 under them. Dr. Sharp (Cambridge Natural History, vi, p. 194), 

 after alluding to the Ceratog]S"athin;e of Australia and New 

 Zealand as a remarkable and aberrant group, having the structure 

 of the antennae like that of the Scarab.eiD-E rather than of the 

 LucANiDiE, proceeds to speak of the Senodendbid^e as the most 

 aberrant group of all. The cylindrical form, the curious formation 

 of the front of the prothorax, and the sexual characters, whicn 

 are rather those of the Dynastin^e, together with the Lucanid 

 pectinate antennae, seem to be quite sufficient to separate them. 

 The larvae, moreover, are different, being more slender and 

 gradually narrowed behind. They are found in all stages in 

 rotten stumps, etc. 



Family 103. SCARABS I Mi. 



More or less convex insects, varying enormously in size, and chiefly 

 distinguished by having the lamellce of the antenna; movable and 

 capable of being brought close together or separated; antenna?, seven- 

 to eleven-jointed ( usually ten-jointed ), club three- to seven- jointed 

 (usually three-jointed ), variable in form, first joint elongate ; anterior 

 coxed cavities large, transverse, closed behind, pygidium usually 

 exposed ; abdomen, as a ride, with six, or ( at the sides ) seven visible 

 ventral segments ; legs fossoricd, but variable; tarsi Jive-jointed, the 

 anterior pair sometimes absent. 



The arrangement of the Scabab^eid^: has been much disputed. 

 Erichson (1847) divided the whole of the Lamellicobnia into 

 two sections, which depend upon the situation of the abdominal 

 spiracles — the " Scarabaaides Laparosticti " and the " Scarabaaides 

 Pleurosticti" ; under the latter he includes the Lucantdje and 

 Passalid^e. Lacordaire (1856) adopted these two divisions for 

 the ScABABiEiDiE, but placed the LucANiDiE and Passalidve 

 in a separate group, Pectin icobnia. Ganglbauer (1903) has 



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