318 



CICINDELID^. 



second summer ; imagos emerge about a month after 

 pupation, hibernate, and become sexually mature late in 

 the third spring ; larval life lasts twelve to thirteen 

 months, adult life ten months — two years between 

 generations. 



(b) Eggs laid in midsummer: larvae hibernate usually in 

 the third stage, pupate in the following June ; the imagos 

 emerge in early July, and become sexually mature very 

 soon ; larval life ten months, adult life two months — one 

 year between generations. 



(<■) Eggs laid in midsummer; larvae hibernate in the 

 second stage, reach the third stage early in the second 

 summer, hibernate again, and pupate in the following 

 May ; imagos emerge in the early part of third summer, 

 and become sexually mature soon ; larval life twenty-one 

 months, adult life two months — two years between 

 generations. 



" 5. Temperature, moisture, and food influence the length of 



the different stages. 

 t; 6. Pigmentation and final hardening of the cuticula take place 



in the pupa in those parts which are employed in the final 



ecdysis, and the bristles of the imago assist in the removal 



of the exuvium. 



' l 7. The generations frequently overlap ; of importance in con- 

 nection with colour-changes. 



" 8. The habits and responses of the imagos and larvae bring 

 about great difference in the environmental conditions of 

 different individuals of the same brood." 



We have given the above at length, for the paper, as we said 

 before, is not very accessible to students, and the comparison of 

 the life-history of any of the tropical species with that given above 

 is likely to prove very interesting. We are glad to say that 

 Mr. Shelf ord is still continuing his researches, and has promised 

 further papers on " distribution, variation, the effects of varying 

 environmental conditions during development, an analysis of the 

 colour-patterns, a discussion of race-tendencies of the genus 

 Cicindela, and the bearing of the whole on the problem of 

 evolution." 



Dr. W. Horn, in his recently published " Systematischer Index 

 der Cicindeliden " (Deutsche Entom. Zeitschr. 1905, p. 556), 

 arranges the species under their different regions. Some doubt 

 may be felt with regard to the specific value of some of the species, 

 but approximately they are distributed as follows : — 



1. The Neotropical region, including South America, Central 



America as far as Nicaragua (inclusive), and the islands of 

 the West Indies : about fifty species (not including sub- 

 species). 



2. The Nearctic region, including Canada, the United States, 



