39 



European Mildew. 

 (Oidium Tuckeri, Berkl.) 



Description. — This mildew resembles the Powdery Mildew in gene 

 ral appearance, and like it, is a surface mildew. When it attacks the 

 fruit, the skin of the grape is unable to expand, and bursts. 



Treatment. — Flowers of sulphur dusled over the diseased parts ef- 

 fectually disposes of this fungus. 



Rattles ; Shelling. 



Description — Just as the grapes are ripening, they begin to fall off, 

 and this takes place first at the extremities. 



Treatment. — As the chief cause of this diseace is defective nutrition, 

 manure should be applied, and especially potash. 



Ripe Rot. 



(Grloeosporium fructigenum, Berkl.) 



Description. — The grapes are attacked in the ripening stage. A red- 

 dish-brown spot first appears which gradually spreads over the whole 

 grape, then black pimples appear which are not so numerous as in 

 Black Rot, but they are broader. 



The colour remains dark purplish brown, and the diseased grapes 

 fall to the ground ; whilst in Black Rot, the colour is black, and the 

 grapes do not fall off. 



Treatment. — If there are only a few vines, the grapes affected may 

 be picked off and burnt, but where there are a large number, the same 

 treatment should be adopted as for Black Rot. 



FUNGICIDES. 



Bordeaux Mixture. 

 Bordeaux Mixture is best made according to the following for- 

 mula : — 



Copper Sulphate ... 6 pounds 



Unslacked Lime ... 4 pounds 



Water ... 50 gallons 



It requires careful mixiug, or the ingredients will not combine pro- 

 perly. Put 25 gallons of water into a barrel. Tie up 6 pounds of 

 copper sulphate in a piece of coarse sack, and hang this by a stick laid 

 across the top of the barrel so as to be just beneath the surface of the 

 water untd it has slowly dissolved 



In another barrel slack 4 pounds of lime very slowly and carefully, 

 at first only adding about a quart of water at a time, nntil a perfectly 

 smooth paste free from grit, is obtained. Add water to make the 

 whole 25 gallons, and wait until cool. Now pour both together into a 

 cask holding 50 gallons. The milk of lime should be thoroughly 

 stirred before pouring, and finally tho mixture showldbe well stirred for 

 4 or § minutes with a wooden paddle. 



] f not perfect, the mixture is liable to injure the foliage and in order 

 to test this, put the blade of a penknife into the mixture and leave it 

 for 1 or 2 minutes. If there is any deposit of copper on the blade, 

 showing a brownish colour, it is not safe to use it, and more lime must 

 be added until the knife is not discoloured. 



