35 



nozzle should do. It throws a fine mist-like spray, one that will "float 

 in the air like a fog," or the particles of water may instantly be made 

 coarser, and the water thus carried to a greater distance ; or still coarser 

 and the water leaves the hose in the form of a solid stream. These 

 changes all take place instantly (after a little practice), an ! it makes 

 no difference whether the parts to be sprayed are a few inches or many 

 feet away. This nozzle never clogs, but is cleaned automatically, and 

 as quickly as the character of the spray is varied. In fact it possesses 

 all the desirable qualities of a spray nozzle, except durability, and for 

 this we must turn to the metals for aid. 



" All operators do not desire the same kind of spray even for the 

 same kind of work. It is commonly said that the best spray is one which 

 most nearly resembles a fog That is true so far as the spra3'iscon c erned, 

 but the trouble comes in applying it. A fine spray cannot be a pplied 

 so advantageously as a coarser one, nor can it be applied so rapj dly for 

 the reason that the finer the spray the less liquid is thrown, and the 

 smaller the area treated. Whenever the wind blows, a fog-like spray 

 will go wherever the wind carries it, and not where the operator 

 directs it. Sometimes this will be an advantage. It is especially so 

 when the wind is blowing in the right direction Yet when the other 

 side of the tree is being treated the wind will come from the wrong 

 direction, and much of the material is blown where it is not wanted. 

 In addition to this, the work is more slowly performed, and whether it 

 is more thoroughly done than when a coarser spray is well used is still 

 open to doubt. After having tried both kind of sprays, it appears to 

 the writer that if the parts to be treated are close by, a fine spray is to 

 be preferred, as then ihere is less waste and an even application may 

 be made. If the parts to be treated are more removed, being situated 

 from ten to twenty- five feet away, a coarser spray is wanted ; — the 

 mce distant the object, the coarser the spray. . The work can thus 

 be done much more rapidly, just as effectively (with the exception of 

 some waste), and much more satisfactorily, than by the use of a fine 

 spray. In cas * a fine spray is used, it is necessary to have a pole to 

 carry the nozzle to the different parts of the tree, and this is as tedious 

 as it is unpleasant. When a coarser spray is made, there is generally 

 formed enough of the finer spray to float in the air and protect parts 

 which are not directly reached by the operator. 



" The finest sprays are produced by the eddy-chamber nozzles and 

 by those in which two streams of water strike each other at an angle. 

 With such nozzles, the spray can be made as fine as desired, the size 

 of the outlet orifice being the main controlling factor. For long- 

 distance work, when the liquid is to be carried ten feet or more, the best 

 spray is formed when the fluid is forced through two flat, parallel, 

 metal sxirfaces. The greater the pressure, ihe greater will be the 

 amount of fine spray and the farther will it be thrown. Although the 

 ideal nozzle has not yet been made in metal, some of the forms now 

 sold are approaching perfection. 



" All good spray machinery is expensive, and only careless operators 

 will neglect the ordinary methods of preserving it as long as possible. 

 When the pump has been used in applying any of the preparations, 

 with the exception of clear water, it should be cleaned. No in- 

 secticide nor fungicide should be allowed to stand within the pump, 



