TJie Progress of Geographical Discovery. 245 



two ships mot in the Arctic ocean, one of which had entered by Beh- 

 ring's and another by Davis' straits. In 1504 Vespucius published 

 un account of his discovery of a new continent in the south, calling 

 it the New World or the Land of the Holy Cross. By the way, there was 

 an island by the name of Brasil located on the pre-Columbian maps 

 in the neighborhood of Antilia, in the western part of the ocean. The 

 word Brasil itself is the name of a kind of wood and is of American 

 origin. Soon after the discovery of the continent by Vespucius this 

 name was transferred to the mainland. In 1507 Waldseemiiller, a 

 German scholar at St. Die in Lorraine, bestowed upon it the name of 

 America in honor of its discoverer, in a book published by him. The 

 first book-map to contain the name of America was in a work entitled 

 "An Introduction to Cosmography," printed between 1514 and 1520. 

 The first globe to adopt this name was that now in the Bibliotheque 

 Rationale in Paris, of 1513 or 1518, the last figure being indistinct, 

 but the geographical ideas shown by the globe are those of 1513. This 

 globe would seem to settle the question forever as to the origin of the 

 name of America, the globe having been made so near the time of its 

 adoption. It contains the legend under the name of America, "So 

 named from the discoverer. " The globe of Schoner of 1515 also has the 

 name America, as we shall see later. 



I now call your attention to the history of Cuba on the maps. The 

 last mention of it left it in the estimation of Columbus as the main- 

 land of Asia. It was in 1508 that Ocampo found it to be an island. 

 In 1508, on Ruysch's map, the western coast of Cuba is terminated 

 with a scroll, the conventional manner of the old cartographers of 

 marking unexplored lands with unknown limits. The apparent penin- 

 sula to the west of Cuba is called Zaiton and is said by Ruysch to be 

 generally believed to be Zipangu. The peninsula on Ruysch's map to 

 the north of Cuba represents Newfoundland, rediscovered in 1500 by 

 Caspar Cortereal, a Portuguese, and from him on the Portuguese and 

 Spanish maps for many years called Terra or Insula Corterealis, or the 

 !and or island of Cortereal. Sometimes we find attached to it the 

 name of Baccaleos, but generally this name is given to Labrador or, 

 still more frequently, to a district of country between Labrador and 

 Newfoundland. Baccaleos is etymologically the land of codfish, that 

 % the land whose coast abounds with these fish, as Labrador is the 

 !and of the laborer, or peasant, or man of low condition. Sometimes, as in 

 the Schoner globes, you find Cortereal or Newfoundland quite distant 

 fr °m the mainland. As we advance a few years we notice change, if 

 not alwayg progress towards the truth. In 1513 Nunez de Balboa, from 



