Ttie Progress of Geographical Discovery. 247 



Orbis of Grynaens. No advance has been made. Cuba is Isabella and 

 the long, narrow, bolt upright island is still the land of Cuba, with 

 Japan only seven hundred miles away. 



Another ten years pass. On Houter's globe of 1542 for the first 

 time Asia is represented as completely separated from America. South 

 America is a large island called America, and North America is repre- 

 sented by the same narrow island and is called Parias. 



Another ten years go by. The Ptolemy of 1552 shows the results 

 of continued exploration of the coast line of North and South America 

 and that is growing more correct. South America is broadened out 

 east and west like a Chinese bird kite and its map name is the New 

 World, or the Atlantic island called Brasil and America. The Amazon 

 and the La Plata rivers are given, and the continent south of the 

 straits. This continent, by the way, both on this map and on the 

 Schouer globes of 1515 and 1520, probably owes its existence solely to 

 conjecture from the fact that Magellan pioneered the way from the 

 Atlantic ocean to the South sea by way of the straits, in his first cir- 

 cumnavigation of the earth in the Victoria, 1519 to 1522, and the size 

 of the land to the south was evolved from the dreams of the map- 

 makers. The name of Parias which has been found sometimes on 

 the north-east of Brazil, sometimes on Central America, and sonic- 

 times on the upright pillar to the north of Cuba is here on the north- 

 west coast of South America. The West India islands and Cuba 



The land of Florida is the name here bestowed not only on the 

 peninsula but also on a vast extent of country to the north, west 

 and east of it. Hudson's bay is brought down so as to leave a 

 narrow peninsula, the bay dividing the continent of North America 

 into two almost equal parts, one called the land of Florida and the 

 other Francesca. The old Columbian idea of the proximity of Asia 

 is still preserved and Zipangu is the usual short distance from the 

 American coast, and to the north of it is Cathay and India with the 

 Ganges river, and the Ganges archipelago and its seven thousand 

 four hundred and forty-three islands are carefully stated on the 

 map. 



It is now time to examine briefly the progress of discovery in the 

 north. Omitting as beyond our limits in this paper, all discussion of 

 the question of discovery of the New England coast in the year 1000 

 by the Northmen, and the visits to the coast of Labrador by the Zeno 

 brothers in 1440, and the visits of ships from Dieppe, particularly to 



