26 The National Geographic Magazine 



they obtain from all over the world, 

 either through organized charitable or- 

 ganizations or from private individuals. 

 These people send out thousands upon 

 thousands of letters annually begging 

 charitable contributions, and they cause 

 Dr Merrill, the United States consul, 

 and his dragoman no end of trouble. 



"These alleged 'American citizens,' 

 although they enjoy and avail them- 

 selves of the high privilege and protec- 

 tion of American citizenship, are, in 

 truth and in fact, not Americans at all, 

 and quite a number of them have be- 

 come naturalized by fraud." 



PUBUC CHARGES 



Although each year several hundred 

 aliens have been returned to the coun- 

 tries whence they came because they 

 were public charges, and several thou- 

 sand others were originally refused ad- 

 mission to the United States because 

 likely to become public charges, the 

 recent investigation of the charitable 

 institutions of the country conducted 

 by the Bureau of Immigration actually 

 found about 30,000 alien paupers, in- 

 cluding insane, in the public institu- 

 tions and another 5,000 in the chari- 

 table institutions under private control. 

 About 10,000 alien criminals were found 

 in the penal institutions, making alto- 

 gether a grand total of 45,000, 40,000 

 of whom are supported exclusively at 

 public expense. In addition thereto, 

 there are probably 65,000 naturalized 

 foreigners in these institutions. 



The states in which are located the 

 large cities have the largest proportions 

 of aliens detained in their institutions. 

 For instance, out of 44,985 aliens in 

 all the institutions of the United States, 

 12,440, or 28 per cent, are in the State 

 of New York ; 5,601, or \2yi per cent, 

 in Pennsylvania ; 5,490, or 12 percent, 

 in Massachusetts, and 3,359, or 7^ per 

 cent, in Illinois, making a total of 26,- 

 ■890 in the four states mentioned, which 

 is 60 per cent of the entire number in 

 the United States. 



The enormous proportion of aliens taken 

 care of in the insane and charitable insti- 

 tutions of the U?iited States is shown by 

 the fact that the proportion of alien popu- 

 lation to citizens in the tvholc United States 

 is 1 to 75, while within the insane and 

 charitable institutions the proportion is 1 

 alien to 6 United States citizens. The 

 proportion in penal institutions has not 

 yet been determined, but is undoubt- 

 edly even greater than 1 to 6. 



RACIAL DISTRIBUTION 



Increasing proportions of immigrants 

 are going to Pennsylvania, Ohio, and 

 West Virginia, while the percentage for 

 the neighboring State of New York has 

 gradually decreased from 42 per cent in 

 1892 to 32 per cent in 1904. The far 

 Western States are attracting increasing 

 proportions and the Middle West and 

 South decreasing percentages year by 

 year. 



It is of interest to note in this connec- 

 tion the uniformity of the fluctuation of 

 immigration to the New England States, 

 each of them having attracted increasing 

 proportions from 1892 to 1895 or T 896, 

 with decreased percentages since (leav- 

 ing out of consideration the increase for 

 Vermont during the past three or four 

 years). 



Iberic and Slavic divisions :* About 

 70 per cent of the immigration going to 

 the seven states, New York, Pennsyl- 

 vania, New Jersey, Ohio, Delaware, 

 Maryland, and West Virginia, which 

 group receives 60 per cent of the entire 

 immigration to the United States, belong 



* The different races or peoples or, more 

 properly, subdivisions of race coming from 

 Europe have been grouped by Mr Sargent into 

 four grand divisions, as follows : 



Teutonic division, from northern Europe : 

 German, Scandinavian, English, Dutch, Flem- 

 ish, and Finnish. 



Iberic division, from southern Europe : South 

 Italian, Greek, Portuguese, and Spanish ; also 

 Syrian from Turkey in Asia. 



Celtic division, from western Europe: Irish, 

 Welsh, Scotch, French, and north Italian. 



Slavic division, from eastern Europe : Bo- 

 hemian, Moravian, Bulgarian, Servian, Monte- 



