The Fox Island Passes, Alaska 



427 



8,200, situated on Laramie River and 

 the main line of the Union Pacific Rail- 

 road. With an altitude of over 7,150 

 feet above sea level, it ranks as one of 

 the highest towns in the United States. 

 It is the seat of the University of Wyo- 

 ming. The state fish hatchery and the 

 agricultural experiment station are lo- 

 cated there. It is also the shipping and 

 trade center for a large area of country 

 in which mining and stock raising are 

 the chief industries. It has also rolling 

 mills, plaster mills, limestone quarries, 

 and railroad and machine shops. 



Large numbers of cattle and sheep 

 are pastured on the plains about Lar- 

 amie and great quantities of hay are har- 

 vested along the Laramie and Little 

 Laramie rivers. A number of gold and 



coal mines have been opened in the 

 mountains just west of Laramie. 



The topography is the work of Mr 

 William Stranahan. The triangulation 

 was done by Messrs Frank Tweedy and 

 R. H. Chapman. 



THE WOODSFIELD QUADRANGLE, 

 OHIO 



This is a rich agricultural section, but 

 important as are crops of wheat, corn, 

 oats, and potatoes, orchards of apples, 

 peaches, and pears, herds of cattle, and 

 forests of timber, they are not the chief 

 treasures of this area. A 6-foot vein of 

 Pittsburg coal underlies most of the 

 quadrangle. Its development has only 

 begun. Some of the richest oil and gas 

 wells in the state are also near this area. 



SOME NOTES ON THE FOX ISLAND PASSES, 



ALASKA 



By J. J. Gilbert, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 



OUR knowledge of the geography 

 of the Aleutian Islands was 

 very inexact until, in 1901, the 

 Coast and Geodetic Survey sent two 

 vessels to survey the Fox Island passes 

 and eastward to the Sanak Islands. 

 Westward of these passes and Unalaska 

 Bay no surveys have yet been made, if 

 we except one small harbor at Kiska 

 Island. 



The population of the Aleutian Islands, 

 which spread over many degrees of lon- 

 gitude, is very meager, and is decreasing 

 every year. A large number, estimated 

 at about 30 per cent, died of measles in 

 1900, and tuberculosis of throat and 

 lungs is very common. 



The Aleuts, who strongly resemble 

 the Japanese, live in a few small villages, 

 widely separated. Some, and perhaps 

 the greater number, of these villages are 

 abandoned trading posts, established 



by the Russians previous to 1867, and 

 the buildings originally constructed as 

 warehouses and quarters for the agents 

 and employes of the Fur Company are 

 now occupied as homes by the few re- 

 maining natives. The only village of 

 any size is Iliuliuk, on Unalaska Island, 

 where the Alaska Commercial Company 

 has maintained a post ever since the 

 purchase. In the territory covered by 

 the party surveying the passes there are 

 but two other villages — one on Biorka 

 Island and the other in Akutan Harbor ; 

 the population of both will hardly reach 

 two score. 



There are here and there evidences 

 of old villages, indicating a consider- 

 able population in the past. These are 

 cellar-like excavations from 10 to 15 

 feet square and 4 to 6 feet deep. As 

 there is no timber growing on the isl- 

 ands, the lining and roofing of these 



