43 o The National Geographic Magazine 



ioo to 2,288,535, or 12.6 per cent, dur- 

 ing the same period. The total emigra- 

 tion from the two countries and the 

 number of emigrants whose destination 

 was the United States are shown in the 

 following table : 





From Sweden. 



From Norway. 



Year. 





To 





To 





Total. 



United 



Total. 



United 







States. 





States. 



1893 



40,869 



37.321 



18,778 



* 18,766 



1894- 



13,358 



9.529 



5,642 



5.591 



1895 



i8,955 



14,982 



6,207 



6.153 



1896 



1897 



19.551 



14,874 



6,679 



•5,584 



H,559 



10,109 



4,669 



4,58o 



1898 



13-663 



8,534 



4.859 



4,805 



1899 



16,876 



11.842 



6,699 



6,466 





20,661 



16,209 



10,931 



10,625 





24,616 



20,306 



12,745 



12,488 





37,io7 



33,i5i 



20,343 



19,225 



1903 



39.496 





26.784 



24,998 







Total 



259.711 



176,857 



124,336 



120,311 



* To America. 



If the average population for the pe- 

 riod 1 893-1 903 — 5,043,700 for Sweden 

 and 2,165, 600 for Norway — be compared 

 with the corresponding average emigra- 

 tion figures — 23,610 for Sweden and 

 1 1,303 for Norway — the rate of emigra- 

 tion appears higher for Norway than for 

 Sweden, 5.2 per thousand as against 4. 7 

 per thousand. During the decade 1893- 

 1902 of the emigrants from Sweden who 

 left their country over 80 per cent stated 

 as their destination the United States, 

 while of 124,336 Norwegians who left 

 their native country, about 97 per cent, 

 at the port of embarkation, indicated 

 this country as their future home. 



Of the total estimated population of 

 Sweden in 1903, only 22.3 per cent ap- 

 pear under the head of urban dwellers, 

 while of the total population of Norway, 

 according to the 1900 census, 28.8 per 

 cent are returned as living in urban 

 settlements. 



The difference in the industrial char- 

 acter of the population is shown, fur- 

 thermore, by the fact that in Sweden the 

 mainstay of the population is still agri- 

 culture, with its cognate branches, while 



in Norway the importance of agriculture 

 is about the same as that of the fisheries, 

 each of which industries, according to 

 official estimates, furnishes an annual 

 product of about 1 5 million dollars, or 

 about 10 per cent of the annual national 

 income. The average value of the prin- 

 cipal cereal productions in Sweden for 

 the years 1 898-1902 is stated at $65,- 

 338,000, while the average value of Nor- 

 wegian cereal crops for 1896- 1900 was 

 estimated at $9,640,000 only. This as 

 well as the relative absence of minerals of 

 industrial importance, involves a much 

 greater dependence on the part of Nor- 

 way upon imported breadstuffs and raw 

 materials, and results, as a further con- 

 sequence, in a tariff policy distinct from 

 that of the sister nation. The imports 

 of breadstuffs, including flour, during 

 the calendar year 1903 into Sweden 

 amounted in value to $16,331,000, and 

 to $15,229,000 in Norway. 



The only common industry of impor- 

 tance, especially for the foreign trade, is 

 lumbering, inasmuch as both countries 

 abound in forests, particularly spruce 

 and pine, both of which varieties find 

 ready sales in British and continental 

 markets. Of the total domestic exports 

 from the two countries, the exports of 

 lumber and timber and manufactures 

 thereof, such as wood pulp and matches, 

 constituted 51.7 per cent in the case of 

 Sweden and 40. 4 per cent in the case of 

 Norway. 



The mining and the metal industry, 

 which is an important source of national 

 wealth in Sweden, giving employment 

 to 30,731 persons in 1903, has but little 

 importance in the national economy of 

 Norway. 



On the other hand, the earnings of 

 the Norwegian merchant marine, espe- 

 cially of vessels engaged in the carry- 

 ing trade between foreign ports, con- 

 stitute a large portion of the national 

 revenue and serve to offset in part the 

 unfavorable trade balance. Norway's 

 merchant marine is fourth in size among 

 the merchant marines of the world, be- 



