Immigration to the Southern States 517 



last treaty with China it was explicitly 

 recognized as inhering in both nations. 



But we should not only operate the 

 law with as little harshness as possible, 

 but we should show every courtesy and 

 consideration and every encouragement 

 to all Chinese who are not of the laboring 

 class to come to this country. Every 

 Chinese traveler or student, business 

 man or professional man should be given 

 the same right of entry to, and the same 

 courteous treatment in, this country as 

 are accorded to the student or traveler, 

 the business man or professional man of 

 any other nation. Our laws and treaties 

 should be so framed as to guarantee to 

 all Chinamen, save of the excepted coolie 

 class, the same right of entry to this 

 country and the same treatment while 

 here as is guaranteed to citizens of any 

 other nation. It is needed in our own 

 interest, and especially in the interest of 

 the Pacific slope and of the South At- 

 lantic and Gulf states ; for it is short- 

 sighted indeed for us to permit foreign 

 competitors to drive us from the great 

 markets of China. 



immigration to the southern 

 states* 



IN recent years, especially within the 

 last ten, there has been a gradual but 

 marked change of sentiment in the South 

 in regard to the desirability of immi- 

 gration. The South now wants it and 

 is working hard to get it. The resources 

 of the South have scarcely been touched, 

 and under the most favorable circum- 

 stances it will require many generations 

 to develop them. There are millions of 

 acres of cotton, cane, rice, and tobacco 

 lands that have never been cultivated. 

 Louisiana alone has 19,000,000 acres of 

 vacant land out of a total of 26,000,000 ; 

 and it is estimated that not more than 

 one-eighth of the cotton lands of the 

 South are in cultivation. The mineral 



*A summary of an extremely interesting 

 study by Prof. Walter L. Fleming, of the Uni- 

 versity of West Virginia, published by Ginn 

 & Co. 



resources of the South are almost un- 

 limited ; it has more timber than any 

 other section of the United States ; in 

 every Southern state there is water power 

 never yet used, and there are ideal sit- 

 uations for market-gardening on the 

 largest scale. 



The negro cannot furnish either in 

 quality or in quantity the labor neces- 

 sary to develop the South. The pro- 

 gress of the South since the war has 

 been almost wholly in the white dis- 

 tricts. 



Florida sends out lists of state lands, 

 maps of the attractive portions of the 

 state, and beautifully illustrated pamph- 

 lets relating to cattle-raising, lumbering, 

 fruit and truck growing, fish and game, 

 and winter resorts. Louisiana pub- 

 lishes free information concerning the 

 climate, soil, resources, industries, 

 schools, and churches, and sends out 

 lists with descriptions and prices of 

 6,000,000 acres of land for sale. The 

 other Southern states follow much the 

 same methods. Most of the states have 

 representatives in New York and in the 

 West, whose business it is to disseminate 

 information and secure immigration. 

 The state immigration bureaus have had 

 fair success. 



Louisiana has probably secured the 

 best results. The authorities confine 

 their work principally in the middle 

 West, aiming to attract substantial 

 farmers rather than laborers. Since 

 1900 many Northern farmers have set- 

 tled in Louisiana. In New Orleans, 

 however, the work of the negro roust- 

 abouts, who loaded and unloaded the 

 steamers at the wharves, became so un- 

 satisfactory that whites from the West 

 were brought in to supplant them. 

 South Carolina has secured several set- 

 tlements of Scotch, Canadians, and Ger- 

 mans, and is now trying to secure Scan- 

 dinavians. Maryland secured 4,000 

 very desirable immigrants in one year 

 at an expense of only $15,000. 



The state authorities have been greatly 

 aided by hundreds of immigration and 



