RESEARCHES IN ALASKA 



557 



Photo by Lawrence Martin 



THE TERMINAL, ICE CLJFF OF HARVARD GLACIER, COLLEGE FIORD, 350 FEET HIGH, 

 COMPARED IN HEIGHT WITH THE PARK ROW BUILDING, NEW 

 YORK CITY, WHICH IS 39O FEET HIGH 



of through a period of 16 years ; but we 

 know too little about the sizes, shapes, 

 and slopes of the snow-fields to raise this 

 as a valid objection. 



If earthquake avalanching is thought 

 to have caused the advances, we see the 

 likeness to the Yakutat Bay glaciers at 

 once, for Barry Glacier is longer than 

 Serpentine and Baker than Toboggan. 

 The two last are shorter than Serpentine, 

 but have very different grades. There 

 was a severe earthquake in 1880, and the 

 advances show an apparent time relation- 

 ship to this that warrants the retention of 

 this hypothesis as possible. It would be 

 most valuable if we knew whether these 

 advances were abrupt, like the earth- 

 quake-stimulated Yakutat Bay advances, 

 or not, and how long they lasted. 



In the case of the group of still earlier 

 advances, the short Baker Glacier ad- 

 vanced before the longer Serpentine, 



with the Toboggan Glacier still later. 

 The absence of a record for Barry Gla- 

 cier suggests that the 1898 maximum 

 went beyond this earlier one and de- 

 stroyed the records of it, as Columbia 

 Glacier has now destroyed practically all 

 the evidence of the 1892 maximum, 

 which was plainly visible from 1899 to 

 1909. The only safe conclusion regard- 

 ing the two sets of advances, 11-27 and 

 70-110, years ago, is that the progressive 

 development of advances in adjacent 

 glaciers of several sizes suggests the 

 possibility of an earthquake origin, just 

 as the synchronous advance of the seven, 

 variable sized, contiguous, College Fiord 

 glaciers in 19 10 suggests the possibility 

 of climatic origin. 



SUBMARINE TOPOGRAPHY 



The map reproduced on page 559 il- 

 lustrates the results of a typical day's 



