Studies on the Collective Species Viola 

 tricolor L. II. 



By 



J. Clausen. 



I. The varying Characters of V. tricolor and V. arvensis. 



In the first paper I published on Viola tricolor (Clausen 

 1921), I mentioned 6 varying characters and the variations of 

 those examined in nature. I stated that nearly all possible com- 

 binations of 4 characters were found realized among 1000 individ- 

 uals. I will here give a brief account of the variations I hitherto 

 have examined in Viola arvensis-tricolor. As in the first paper, 

 the abbreviations employed for the characters are shown in 

 brackets. 



1. The size of the petals: 

 Small petals (parv) = arvensis. 

 Large petals (grand) = tricolor. 



Should one refer any individual belonging to the collective 

 species V. tricolor, either to arvensis or tricolor (in a more 

 restricted sense) only this character ought to be applied to 

 the distinction. 



2. The stigma: 



Without labellum (n.lab): typical arvensis. 

 With labellum (lab): typical tricolor. 



3. A dark spot in front of the style: 

 Without spot (n.mac): typical arvensis. 

 With spot (mac): typical tricolor. 



4. The pollen-magazine: 

 Open (ap): typical arvensis. 

 Closed (cl): typical tricolor. 

 Half-closed (sem.cl): hybrids? 



