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14. The form of the leaves: 



Two extreme types can be distinguished: 

 Ovate, crenate leaves (ovat-cren) : fig. 1 a, common in 

 V. arvensis. 



Lanceolate, serrate leaves (lanc-serr): fig. 1 b, common 

 in V. tricolor. 



But as these two characters are transgrediating, and the 

 rosulate leaves are quite different from the upper ones, they 

 are difficult to distinguish in practice. Sometimes plants 

 can be found that have ovate, crenate leaves but in all other 

 characters are typical tricolor, and on the contrary plants 

 that have lanceolate, serrate leaves can in all other char- 

 acters be arvensis-\ïke. 



15. The stipules: 



The most typical V. tricolors have palmate stipules (fig. 

 1 b), but V. arvensis has pinnate stipules (fig. 1 a). As these 

 two characters are transgrediating, I have provisionally 

 distinguished the two types in the following way: 

 Pinnate stipules (pinn): at least one stipule pinnate. 

 Palmate stipules {palm): all the stipules palmate. 



Fig. 4 a shows an arvensis with palmate stipules. 



16. The end-lobe of the stipules: 



In some types the end-lobe of the stipules is foliaceous 

 and petiolate (fig. 1 d; the end-lobe in fig. 1 e is foliaceous 

 but not petiolate). When the end-lobe is crenate, it has the 

 character of a leaf. 



Foliaceous end-lobe of the stipules: (joliac). The end- 

 lobe not foliaceous (not crenate): (n. joliac). 



In such stipules as those in fig. 1 d and 1 c the assimila- 

 ting area is highly increased. The character joliacea can be 

 found combined with either pinnate or palmate stipules. 



17. The growth-form: 



Most pansies have ascending stems, they are negative 

 geotropic. But many of the types from the dunes of West 

 Jutland have transversely geotropic stems. Already when 

 the young plants leave the rosulate stage, the stems press 

 themselves against the surface of the earth. Sometimes the 

 pressure can be so strong that, when the plants are drawn 

 up, the turgor bends the stems downwards with vigour (see 

 fig. 5 b. In fig. 5 c a branch of the same plant is shown. On 



