AND niYSIOLOGY. 



11 



25. Amount of Water Consumed Yearly by an Adult. — 

 An adult drinks about fifteen hundred pounds of water yearly; 

 and throws off through the various waste-gates nineteen hun- 

 dred pounds. The difficulty of accounting for the four hun- 

 dred pounds has led some to suppose that water is formed in 

 the system by the union of oxygen and hydrogen. 



26. Common Salt in the Cody. — The salts that have been 

 enumerated, are found in almost every part of the body. Com- 

 mon salt (Chlorid of Sodium) is found in every fluid and solid, 



I except enamel. The whole amount in man h 277 grains. It 

 subserves many important uses. 



27. Carbonate and Phosphate of Lime, &c. — Carbonate 

 of lime exists in considerable quantity in the bones, along 

 with a much larger quantity of the phosphate of lime, and a 

 small amount of phosphate of magnesia, and of fluoride of 

 calcium. These salts, except the fluoride, are found in most 

 other parts of the body. 



28. Acids, Salts, &c. — Most of the acids and salts, the neu- 

 tral nitrogenous compounds, the sugars, the fatty and sapona- 

 ceous compounds, exist, or are formed in the fluids of the 

 body, and though numerous (forty-two in all), their quantity 

 is comparatively small. They are mostly formed by disassimi- 

 lation in the body, and hence only their elements need to 

 exist in our food. 



29. Sugar in the Body. — Only two kinds of sugar exist, or 

 are formed in animals. Grape sugar is found in the liver, in 

 some of the veins, and other organs. In the disease called 

 Diabetes, its quantity is very much increased, and, in fact, an 

 excess of sugar in the system is a sign of serious derangement. 



30. Fats in the Body. — The fatty principles, cholesterine, 

 oleine, etc., exist in the body in cells, in chemical combina- 



25. How much water does a man consume in a year? II ow much is thrown off during 

 the same time? Explain the reason. 26. Where does common salt occur in the body ? 

 How many grains exist in the body? 27. In what parts of the body do Carbonate and 

 Phosphate of Lime occur ? 28. How many acids and salts are found ? State how they 

 are formed. 29. How many kinds of sugar are found in animals? What does an excess 

 of sugar indicate ? 30. How do the fats occur in the body ? 



