iiitciicock's anatomy 



Fig. 197. 



often imperfectly divided into two lobes. The oil that is ex- 

 pressed from the liver of the Cod Fish, is often used with 

 great efficacy in the early stages or symptoms of consumption. 



353. Pyloric Appendages. 

 — In many fishes with bony 

 skeletons there is found a cu- 

 rious set of gland-like organs 

 called Pyloric appendages. 

 They vary in number from 

 two in the Plaice, to two 

 hundred in the Mackerel, and 

 always either encircle the 

 pylorus, or are found near 

 the upper end of the intestine. 

 These appendages are inva- 

 riably absent in those fishes 

 which have an imperfectly 

 formed stomach, and by some 

 are considered as analogous 

 to a Pancreas in function. 



354. Salivary Glands.— 

 Salivary Glands are wanting 

 in fishes, but their place is 

 supplied by an increased de- 

 velopment of the mucous 

 glands of the mouth. 



355. Digestive Organs in 

 the Invertebrates— In the 

 Polyps of the Radiate ani- 

 mals, we have the simplest 

 form of digestive apparatus, 

 viz., a simple sack, with a 

 mouth to receive the food 



and to disgorge the refuse, as is seen in Fig. 198, A. Other 

 Polyps, however, have two openings in their stomach or sack, 

 as shown in Fig. 198, B. 



Digestive Apparatus of a Beetle, a. 

 Head. b. Crop and Gizzard, c. Biliary- 

 Vessels, d. Intestine, e. Secreting Or- 

 gans. 



