IV 



GLYCOGEN 



/^LAUDE BERNARD'S discovery of glycogen 

 in the liver had a profound influence both 

 on physiology and on pathology. Take first its 

 influence on pathology. Diabetes was known to 

 Celsus, Aretseus, and Galen; Willis, in 1674, and 

 Morton, in 1675, noted the distinctive sweetness 

 of the urine ; and their successors proved the 

 presence of sugar in it. Rollo, in 1787, observed 

 that vegetable food was bad for diabetic patients, 

 and introduced the strict use of a meat diet. But 

 Galen had believed that diabetes was a disease of 

 the kidneys, and most men still followed him : nor 

 did Rollo greatly advance pathology by following 

 not Galen, but Aretaeus. Later, with the develop- 

 ment of organic chemistry, came the work of 

 Chevreuil (181 5), Tiedemann and Gmelin (1823), 

 and other illustrious chemists : and the pathology 

 of diabetes grew more and more difficult : — 



" These observations gave rise to two theories : 

 the one, that sugar is formed with abnormal rapidity 



in the intestine, absorbed into the blood, and 



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