I 



INFLAMMATION, SUPPURATION, AND 

 BLOOD-POISONING 



T) AT HO LOGY, the study of the causes and 

 products of diseases, is a younger science 

 than physiology : the use of the microscope was the 

 beginning of pathology ; and the microscope, even 

 so late as sixty years ago, was very different to the 

 microscope now. The great pathologists of that 

 time had not the lenses, microtomes, and reagents 

 that are now in daily employment ; they knew 

 nothing of the present methods of section-cutting 

 and differential straining. But the publication in 

 1839 of Schwann's cell-theory marks the rise of 

 modern pathology. In 1843, Darwin wrote his 

 first draft of the doctrine of the origin of species ; 

 and Pasteur, that year, was in for his examination 

 at the Ecole Normale. The work of Schwann, 

 Virchow, and Pasteur had such profound influences 

 on science that the span of sixty years seems to 

 cover the modern development of pathology : and 

 this span of years is marked, half-way, by the rise 

 of bacteriology. In 1875, when the Royal Com- 

 mission on Experiments on Animals was held in 



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