SUMMARY OF REPORTS, ETC. 371 



a License alone, or under a License and Certificate 

 C. These deaths involve no pain : they may there- 

 fore be compared to the same number of deaths 

 inflicted by skilful butchers or skilful sportsmen. 

 In 1 90 1, they numbered between 1300 and 

 1400. That is to say, they were not more, in a 

 year, than the deaths inflicted in a day, for sport, 

 by ten or twelve big shooting-parties. 



The only experiments, other than inoculations, 

 etc., over which the question of pain can possibly 

 be raised, are those made under a License and 

 Certificate B, with or without Certificate EE or 

 Certificate F. These are operations, done under 

 anaesthesia, from which the animal is allowed to 

 recover : for instance, the removal of an organ 

 or part of an organ, the section of a nerve, the 

 establishment of a fistula, the ligature of an artery, 

 the transplantation of cancer, the observation of 

 the influence of the nervous system on this or 

 that natural process. In 1901, these experiments 

 numbered 699. They cannot be compared with 

 the same number of horses, cattle, or sheep muti- 

 lated by breeders and farmers ; for these mutilations 

 are done, some of them, without any anaesthetic. 

 They cannot be compared with the same number 

 of pheasants or rabbits badly wounded, but not 

 killed, in sport ; for the animals thus wounded 

 receive no subsequent care, and, if they are in 

 pain, nobody puts them out of it. But they may 

 fairly be compared with the same number of pet 

 animals that have undergone surgical operations 

 at the hands of a skilled veterinary surgeon : only 



