132 THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



On the stems so constructed were placed long and 

 often broad many-nerved leaves, with rows of stomata or 

 breathing-pores, and attached by somewhat broad bases 

 to the stem and branches. The fruit consisted of racemes, 

 or clusters of nutlets, which seem to have been provided 



Fig. 59. — Fruits of Cordaites and Taxine Conifers (coal-formation. Nova 

 Scotia.) a, Antholithes squamosus (two thirds), b, A. rhabdocarpi 

 (two thirds), b 1 , Carpel restored, c, A. spinosus (natural size). 

 d, Trigonocarpum intermedium, e, T. JYoeggerathii. f, T. avella- 

 num. g, Rhabdocarpus insignis, reduced. h ? Antholithes pygmceus. 

 i, Cardiocarpum flmtans. k, Cardiocarpum bisectum. l, Sporangites 

 papillata, lycopodiaceous macrospores (natural size and magnified). 



