314 Notes on Human Remains from Woody ates, Wiltshire, 



form the chief prominences, the glabella being- a depression between 

 them. The bony ridges for the attachment of muscles or their 

 aponeurosis, such as those about the inion, stephanion, &c, are in 

 some cases well developed, but as a rule are only moderately marked. 

 "When the characters of the calvaria are studied from the front, well 

 marked differences in the form of the arch of the vault may be 

 observed. In nearly a third of the specimens the arch is 

 moderately high and forms a well proportioned curve, in about a 

 third it is very acute or pointed at the summit or apex, while in 

 rather more than a third the opposite condition obtains, that is to 

 say, the arch is flat and broad at its apex. The cephalic index, 

 which expresses the relative proportion which the breadth bears to 

 the length of the calvaria (the latter being taken as 100), averages 

 in the whole series 76'4, and varies from 69*2 to 82*6. As great 

 importance attaches to this index for the purpose of classifying the 

 various forms of head, it is necessary to analyse its variations in the 

 group under consideration. Two of the crania are brachycephalic, 

 nine are mesaticephalic, five are dolichocephalic, and one hyper- 

 dolichocephalic. It should also be mentioned that the indices of far 

 the greater number of the mesaticephalic specimens are nearer the 

 upper than the lower limits of that group, and therefore more nearly 

 approach the brachycephalic group. The breadth of the calvaria is 

 in every case except one, greater than the vertical height. In the 

 exceptional case the two measurements are practically equal, the 

 height being only 1mm. greater than the breadth. 



Passing now to the characters of the face, we find it is long and 

 narrow in some cases, while in others it is short and proportionately 

 broad. The form of the nasal portion is always a very characteristic 

 feature of the face, and variations in the nasal index, which expresses 

 the relation of the breadth of the nose to its length, are, perhaps, 

 as strong evidence of mixed race as any character in the body, 

 particularly if conjoined with marked variation in the form of the 

 calvaria, indicated by the cephalic index. In these specimens great 

 diversity of the nasal index is found to exist, since it varies from 

 33*3 to 58*0. Six of the specimens are leptorhine (long and narrow), 

 four are mesorhine, and two are platyrhinc (short and broad). Hero 



