Foul Brood in Ireland. 



223 



Trichophaga tapetzelld). The {brewings of this moth are black 

 from the base to the middle, then white clouded with grey 

 towards the tip ; the hind wings are pale grey, and the head is 

 white. The wing expanse is about three-fourths of an inch. It 

 appears during June and Jul}-. The larvae form galleries, lined 

 with silk, in the cloth or other substance attacked. They affect 

 carpets, horse-cloths, upholsterings, especially in carriages ; also 

 furs and skins. The pupal stage takes place inside the galleries. 

 Heavy and coarse materials are attacked mainly by this species, 

 which damages by its actual burrowing into the material upon 

 which its feeds. 



Treatment for Clothes Moths. — Frequent removal, beating and 

 shaking of clothes, &c, will do much to prevent the harm caused 

 by these three pests. Materials which are liable to be attacked 

 should be put away in boxes and cupboards, with pieces of 

 naphthalene in muslin bags placed here and there. Exposure to 

 sunlight and plenty of air in May or June will do much to 

 prevent clothes from being spoiled by them. Benzine has a very 

 decided effect on these pests, and any valuable materials might 

 be treated now and then with this substance. In the case of 

 cloth-covered furniture spraying with benzine is the most 

 successful way of treatment. Large dealers of carpets and furs 

 could keep their stock free from attack by adopting cold storage. 

 A temperature of 40 0 F. is protective. 



Foul Brood and its Prevention in Ireland. 



It is stated in the last report of the Irish Congested Districts 

 Board that foul brood was very prevalent in 1901 in the 

 counties of Donegal, Leitrim, Cork and Kerry, but that success- 

 ful results were obtained where beekeepers allowed the expert 

 to take the necessary measures for disinfection. Treatment 

 with formalin is now generally adopted by the Board's expert 

 and only very badly diseased stocks are destroyed. The hives 

 are treated in all cases in which the presence of foul brood is 

 detected at an early stage, and the experience gained indicates 

 that when methods of disinfection are proper!}- carried out the 



