Conditions Affecting Butter-Fat, 453 



24th May most of them were on pasture. It is reported to me on 

 the 24th and the 31st that the weather had been cool and wet 

 during the last three days before the samples had been taken." 

 The results of the analysis of this series were as follows : — 



Sample^. Saving. Reichert-Wollny Figures. Zeiss Number. 



Lowest. Highest. Average. Lowest. Highest. Average. 



12 5th May to 31st 



May, 1899. 22-5 31-5 26.9 39-9 43-2 41-9 



f 22*5 43-2 



Some individual samples ... < 23*8 42' 8 



f 24-1 42-9 



Comparing these results with those for the first two series, it 

 will be seen that, coincident with the under-feeding, the average 

 proportion of volatile acids has decreased, as is shown by the 

 lower Reichert-Wollny number ; and, further, that some of the 

 individual specimens now give for this number a value below the 

 lowest limit (24) which has been mentioned as corresponding to 

 normal butter. Meanwhile the refractive index of the fat has 

 become higher, so that the Zeiss number in one instance slightly 

 exceeds, and in two other cases is practically coincident with, 

 the value (43) which has been mentioned as the maximum for 

 normal butter-fat. 



In some of the foregoing cases good food would certainly 

 appear at one time to have been very scanty, since it is remarked 

 that in addition to " cotton seed meal, rape-cakes, and bran," the 

 bark of certain species of Frunus, Populus, and Betula had also 

 been used as fodder. 



In the case of one dairy, however, the report is that " all the 

 cows are in the stable, and will be turned on pasture during the 

 first days of June. Their health is good ; feeding and condition, 

 average." The butter taken from this dairy gave a Reichert- 

 Wollny figure of 28*6, and a Zeiss number 40* 1. 



Next comes a series of 25 analyses, of which the summarised 

 figures are : — 



No. of Date of Reichert-Wollny Figures. Zeiss Numbers. 



Samples. Sampling. J & 



Lowest. Highest. Average. Lowest. Highest. Average. 



25 16th May to 17th 



June, 1899. 2TI 32*2 28-1 396 437 409 



fan 437 

 ]2ri 437 

 Some individual samples ...^22'0 43'4 



43' 5 



... \ u 

 ) 22 'O 

 I 23'4 



