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APPENDIX. 



I shall here briefly enumerate the principal known thermal waters 

 in the Pennine Alps, and add some observations and inferences, which 

 I trust will be acceptable to several of your readers. 



Naters, in the Haut Valais, — The warm spring rises under a rock 

 of mica-slate on the north side of the Rhone. The temperature when 

 I visited the place was 86° Fahrenheit ; but it is variable, from the in- 

 termixture with surface-water. At the time of the great earthquake 

 at Lisbon, in 1755, the mountain above the spring, I was informed, 

 opened, and threw out a considerable quantity of hot water. 



Leuk, in the Haut Valais, — situated in a deep gorge on the north- 

 ern side of the Rhone. There are twelve springs, varying in tempe- 

 rature from 117° to 126°. These springs have been long known, and 

 are visited by patients from various parts of Europe. 



The Valley of Bagnes, in the BasValais. — The warm springs in 

 this valley were buried under a heap of debris from the fall of part of 

 a mountain, which destroyed the baths, the village of Bagnes, and 120 

 inhabitants, in the year 1545. The name of the valley is obviously 

 derived from the baths. The temperature of the water unknown. 



Chamouni. — The thermal waters at this place have been discovered 

 since I visited Chamouni in 1821. I have received no account of the 

 temperature ; baths have recently been erected. The situation is 

 near the junction of mica-slate, with the lowest beds of secondary 

 limestone. 



St. Gervaise, — situated in a deep gorge on the north-east side of 

 Mont Blanc. The thermal water rises near the junction of mica-slate 

 and limestone. The temperature 94° to 98°. This spring was dis- 

 covered about the year 1806 : it is very copious. Baths have lately 

 been erected, and are much frequented. 



Aix les Bains, in Savoy ; — the temperature from 112° to 117°. 

 The thermal waters rise in great abundance from two springs, situated 

 at the foot of a lofty calcareous mountain, and are near the bottom of 

 the great calcareous formation that forms the outer range of the Alps: 

 there are also numerous hot springs in the vicinity, which the Sardin- 

 ian government will not allow to be opened. Of the mode of douch- 

 ing at these baths, I have given a particular account in the first volume 

 of my Travels in Savoy, Switzerland, and Auvergne. The thermal 

 waters of Aix were well known to the Romans. 



MouTiERS, in the Tarentaise. — The thermal waters rise in great 

 abundance from the bottom of a nearly perpendicular mass of lime- 

 stone. From the position of this rock, and its connection with those 

 on the opposite side of the valley, in which the hot springs rise, I have 

 no doubt that it is the lowest calcareous bed in that part of the Alps ; 

 but its junction with mica or talcose slate is not here seen. The ther- 

 mal waters of Moutiers, contain about two per cent, of saline matter, 

 chiefly common salt. The process of extracting it, I have described 

 in the Philosophical Magazine, vol. Ixiii. p. 86. 



Brida, in the Tarentaise. — The thermal waters of Brida were no- 

 ticed in the ancient records of Savoy, but they were covered during a 

 sudden inundation of the valley, and their situation was concealed for 

 many years. In the summer of 1819, another inundation, occasioned 

 by the breaking down of the side of the glacier, laid open the spring 



