385 



APPENDIX. 



hornblende, with grains of quartz. In this rock are numerous globules 

 composed of concentric coats of hornblende and felspar, varying in di- 

 ameter from one inch to three or four inches. In the centre of each 

 globule there is a particle of hornblende. The globules appear inti- 

 mately united with the rock in which they are imbedded, and cannot be 

 detached from it. The orbicular granite takes a more even polish 

 than the porphyry, and is one of the most beautiful granitic rocks. 



ON FRESHWATER FORMATIONS. 



Dr. Macculloch has claimed the merit of being the first writer 

 who directed the attention of geologists to the circumstance, that some 

 species of marine animals can live v/hen removed into fresh water. 

 But, in the second edition of this work, published in 1815 (p. 461 and 

 462), I stated my opinion that the evidence of certain species of shells 

 being marine, or freshwater, rested on too slight a foundation ; and 

 that I was informed by Mr. Leckie of a circumstance which proved that 

 marine animals have greater facilities of adaptation than naturalists 

 generally suppose. 



" The lake of Lentini in Sicily is stocked with a sea fish called the 

 Cefalo — a species of mullet caught in the Mediterranean, and thrown 

 into the fresh water of the lake, where they not only live, but increase 

 greatly in size and improve in flavour, and are a considerable article 

 of luxury in the island. This lake has no communication with the 

 sea, and is chiefly filled with rain water." 



The evidence of certain geological formations being marine or 

 freshwater, cannot rest securely upon the occurrence of a few species 

 of marine or freshwater shells, but on the general character of the as- 

 semblage of organic remains. If shells belonging to species or gene- 

 ra that are known at present as inhabitants of rivers or lakes, occur 

 with abundant remains of terrestrial animals and vegetables in partic- 

 ular strata, and no marine species are mixed with them, we can have 

 little doubt that such strata were deposited in fresh water : nor would 

 the freshwater origin of the strata be invalidated by the admixture of 

 a few individuals of marine species ; because we might with probabil- 

 ity infer, either that the animals were capable of living in fresh water, 

 or that they had been drifted by high tides or inundations. The char- 

 acter of the formation must be taken, as before mentioned, from that 

 of the assemblage of organic remains. 



FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTERMIXTURE OF HUMAN BONES 

 W^TH THOSE OF BEARS, IN THE CAVERN OF MIALLET. 



The remarkable intermixture of human bones with those of bears, 

 in the cavern of Miallet, in the department of Gard (see p. 307.,) has 

 received further elucidation by a subsequent examination of M. Tes- 

 sier, of which an account was read to the Geological Society of 



