388 



GLOSSARY. 



Some fossils are named in the present volume without any explanation: it has, 

 therefore, been thought desirable, for the benefit of the geological student, to 

 annex a glossary, stating the division or class of animals to which they belong. 



The letters P. O. imply that there is a description in the Preliminary Observa- 

 tions; M. L. and T. L. stand for Mountain or Transition Limestone; L. Lias; 

 Oo. Oolite; G. s. Green sand; Ch. Chalk; Tr. Transition; Sec. Secondary; 

 Ter. Tertiary; Rec. Recent; Fos. Fossil. 



Alcyonites, fossil alcyonia. Zoophytes 

 nearly allied to syonges, the produc- 

 tion or habitation of polypi. Rec. and 

 Fos. 



Ammonite. See P. O. Sec. 

 Ananchytes, a helmet-shaped echinus. 

 Fos. Ch. 



Anomia, a bivalve with one valve per- 

 forated. 

 Baculite. See P. O. Fos, 

 Belemnite. See P. O. Fos. Sec, 

 Buccinum. See P. O. Rec. and Fos. 

 Caryophyllia, a branched madrepore 

 with a star at the end of each branch ; 

 each star has a mouth and tentacula. 

 M. L. Fos.' 

 Ceri^Aiwm, a univalve turriculated shell. 

 Ter. 



(^rinoidea, lily-shaped encrinites. 

 Dudley fossil, trilobite. Plate 5. Tr. 

 Echinite fossil, various species. Sec. 

 Echinus, sea-urchin, 

 Encrinite. See P. O. Tr. and Sec. 

 Entrochite. See P. O. M. L. 

 Euomphalus, univalve unchambered 



shell, involute and compressed. M. L. 

 Fusus, a spindle-shaped univalve. 

 Gryphea arcuata, or gryphite, a deeply 



curved bivalve shell with a fiat lid. L. 

 fr. dilatata, the sides more expanded. 



Oo. Some species of Gryphea are 



still living, 

 Hamite. See P. O, G. s. 

 Helix, shells of the snail family, terres- 

 trial and aquatic. 

 Hippurite. See P. O. Ch. 

 Ia7ithina. See P. O. R.:^c. 

 Inoceramus, a bivalve with an oblique 



beak. Ch. 

 Lily encrinite. See p. 164. 

 Jjijmnea, a fresh-water univalve, Rec. 



and Fos. : the shells sometimes called 



|L.ymnites. Ter. 



Madrepores, stony polypi, with concen- 

 tric lamellae, resembling stars. In a 

 living state, the stony matter is cov- 

 ered with a skin of living gelatinous 

 matter, fringed with little bunches of 

 tentacula: these are the polypi: the 

 skin and the polypi contract on the 

 slightest touch. — Cuvier. Madre- 

 pores are sometimes united and some- 

 times detached: where the laminae 

 take a serpentine direction, they are 

 called 



Meandrina, or brain stone. 



Nautilus. See P. O. Rec. and Fos, 



Nummulite. See P, O. Fos. Ter. 



Orthoceratite. See P. O. 



Paludina, a fresh-water univalve, near- 

 ly resembling the shell of a snail. 

 Wealden. 



Patella, the limpet shell. Rec. and Fos. 

 Pectunculus, an orbicular bivalve. Sec. 

 and Ter. 



Planorbis, a discoidal univalve freshr 

 water shell, nearly resembling an am- 

 monite, but without chambers. Ter, 



Productus, a nearly semi-globular bi- 

 valve, the lid nearly flat, M. L. 



ScapMte. See P. O. G. s. 



Septaria, stones divided into cells or par- 

 titions, common in argillaceous strata; 

 sometimes the cells are empty. 



Spaiangus, a species of fossil echinus. 

 Ch. 



Spirula. See P. O. 



Sponges, living and fossil. The flints in 



chalk are frequently silicified remains 



of sponges. 

 Terebratula, abivalve with an advanced 



and curved beak, which is perforated. 



Numerous species. Rec. and Fos, 

 Trilobite, a crustaceous fossil animal. 



See Plate 5. T. L, 

 Turrilite. See P. O. G. s. 

 Vegetable fossils. See Chap. II. 



