467 



INDEX. 



A. 



Aby mes de Myans, 316. 

 Adamantine spar, or crystallized alu- 

 mine, 32. 



Agate, nodules of in wacke and basalt, 

 143. 



Ages, relative, of rocks and strata, 47, 

 53; how to be ascertained, 237,238; 

 evidence of from position and organic 

 remains, 238; of the falums of the 

 Loire, 244 ; of volcanoes, 281. 



Age, geological, of palseotheria, of mas- 

 todons, of elephants, 243. 



Aiguilles, or needle-shaped granitic 

 rocks in the Alps, 53, 59. 



Aiguille de Dru, a pyramidal granitic 

 mountain, 4000 feet high, 59. 



Alpine limestone, or calcaire alpin, 100 ; 

 errors concerning it, 154. 



Alpnach, strata of, tooth of the masto- 

 don found there, 225; series of the 

 strata, 225. 



coal mine, bones of large mam- 

 malia in it, 121. 



Alluvial depositions, or, mud and sand 

 brought down by rivers, 313 ; instan- 

 ces of in the Yellow Sea, 321 ; in the 

 Gulf of Mexico, ih. • in the Nile, 322. 



Alternation of marine and freshwater 

 formations, 219. 



Alumine, or pure clay, one of the rarest 

 substances, 32; the sapphire is crj^s- 

 tallized alumine, ib. 



Alum shale, 181, 183. 



America, North, great western coalfield, 

 the largest in the known w^orld, 368. 



American sea serpent, conjectures re- 

 specting it, 213. 



lakes, a table of, 217. 



Amphibole. See Hornblende. 



Amygdaloid, 130; containing kernel- 

 shaped cavities filled with mineral 

 matter of a different kind, 38, 130, 143. 



Amygdaloidal basalt or wacke, 143 ; co- 

 rallite found in, ib. ; alternates with 

 limestone, 144. 



Ancient condition of England, Mr. 

 Mantell's description of, 196. 



Andes, seat of active volcanoes, 67; 

 Humboldt's account of, ib. 



Angle of inclination explained, 39, 43. 



Anhydrous gypsum, devoid of water, 43 ; 

 occurs in beds in the i\.lps, ib. ; harder 

 than common gypsum, ib.; and see 

 Gypsum. 



Animal kingdom, division of by Cuvier 

 into radiated, articulated, mo'lluscous, 

 and vertebrated, 21. 



Anoplotherium, an extraordinary quad- 

 ruped, found in the Paris gypsum, 228. 



Anthracite, a species of coal that burns 

 without smoke, 109, 110; of Penn- 

 sylvania, a variety of common coal, 

 123. 



Anticlinal line, what, 43. 

 Argillaceous schistus. See Slate. 

 Artesian wells, borings for, general in 



France and Germany, 362. 

 Articulated animals, 21, 22. 

 Asbestus occurs in the partings between 



beds of serpentine, 78. 

 Ashby- de-la- Zouch coal field, section of, 



116. 



Asia Minor, tremendous earthquakes 

 in, about the fourth century, 253. 



Astronomical causesX\\zX might increase 

 the ancient temperature of the globe, 

 359. 



Atmosphere, probably denser in a former 



state of the globe, 363. 

 Augite, 80. 



Aicvergne, geology of, 296; basalt of, 

 143. 



Ava, fossil bones from, 334. 



DAvilla, M., his interestiug work on 

 conchology, and the habits of mollus- 

 cous animals, 29. 



B. 



Bagshot Heath sand beds rest on Lon- 

 don clay, 232. 



Bakewcll, Mr. Robert, of Dishley, his 

 experiments on varieties of breed in 

 different animals, 241. 



Balkstone, 92. 



Basalt, one of the family of trap rocks 

 (Chap. IX.), composition and varie- 

 ties of, 130; passage of basalt into 

 phonoliteor clinkstone, and into pitch- 

 stone and trap-porphyry and trachyte, 

 ib. ; passage of basalt into a remarka- 

 ble porphyry at Christiania in Nor- 

 way, 131; basaltic dykes, 133, 134; 

 Cleveland basalt dyke, 135 ; remark- 

 able expansion of a basaltic dyke, 137, 

 and cut of, 138; imbedded basalt, 138; 

 protruded basalt, 139; columnar ba- 

 salt of the Giant's Causeway, 141 ; 

 the Isle of Egg, 142 ; of Iceland and 

 Auvergne, 143; earthy basalt or 



