468 



INDEX. 



wacke with agates at Woodford 

 bridge, 143; organic remains in, 144; 

 alternations of basalt with limestone 

 in Sicily, 144; basalt, experiments on, 

 by Mr. G. Watt, 146 ; by Sir James 

 Hall, ih. ; theory of basalt by Wer- 

 ner, its opposition to facts, 148; basalt 

 of Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 

 149. 



Bears, fossil species found in caverns, 

 supposed to be extinct, 307. 



Beaumont, M. Elie de, his division of 

 the tertiary strata, 243 ; on the eleva- 

 tion of mountain ranges. See Ele- 

 vation. 



Beds. If a stratum exceed two or three 

 yards in thickness, it is generally call- 

 ed abed, 39. 



Bind or dunch, argillaceous beds in coal 

 strata, 103, 116, 



Birds, fossil remains of rare, 24; found 

 in Stonesfield slate, 23 ; and in the Pa- 

 ris bason, 24. 



Bitumen, 111. 



Black-lead, or plumbago, 110. 



Blocks of rock, transportation of, 314 ; 



scattered on distant mountains, 355; 



speculations on the mode of their 



transportation, ih. 

 Blue Jokn. See Fluor Spar. 

 Boiling springs. See Thermal waters, 



267. 



Bones, analyses of, 26. 



fossil, '^ee. Organic Remains. 



Botallack mine in Cornwall, 290. 



Boue, M., a distinguished continental 

 geologist, his opinions respecting fos- 

 sil conchology. See Preface. 



Bovey or wood coal, 112, 120. 



Breccia, angular iragments of rocks ce- 

 mented together, 38. 



Brig/don cliffs, in some parts similar to 

 Norfolk Crag, 236; teeth of the ele- 

 phant and horse found in them by Mr. 

 Mantell, ib. 



Brongniart, M. Adol. his geological 

 classification of vegetables, 30, 111. 



. , M. Alex. 115, 218. 



BuckLand, Professor, his discoveries at 

 Kirkdale cave gave anew impulse to 

 geology, 308; his account of cavern 

 bones, 309; conjectures respecting the 

 flying lizards at Stonesheld, 23. 



Burntioood quarry, 115; vegetable re- 

 mains in, ib. 



Burrh stones or millstones, 232. 



C. 



Cader Idris, crater of, 132; columnar 



basalt of, 142. 

 Calcaire grossier, or, coarse limestone 



of Paris, 226 : organic remains in, ib. ; 



not found in England. 227; formation 



of in South America, ib. 



Calcaire siliceiux of the Paris bason 

 227; furnishes mill-stones, ib.; sili- 

 ciate of magnesia discovered in, ib. 



Calcareous sandstone of Australasia, of 

 Cornwall, of Guadaloupe, 15, 329. 



spar, crystallized limestone, 



many hundred forms of, 37. 



strata, formation of, Chap. 



XV. 206. 



tufa, 325. 



Carbon, or charcoal, forms a constituent 

 part of many slate rocks, 33; the 

 principal constituent part of coal, ib.; 

 combined with oxygen forms carbonic 

 acid, ih. ; an original element. 111, 

 the principal constituent part of veg- 

 etables, 101 ; from whence derived, 

 110. 



Carbonate of lime, or limestone, 37. 



Carbonic acid, or fixed air, forms a con- 

 stituent part of limestone rocks, 33; 

 favorable to vegetation, 111. 



Carboniferous limestone, an inappropri- 

 ate term, 97. 



Caverns, formation of. Chap. XX. 300; 

 chiefly occur in limestone rocks, ib. \ 

 subterranean currents and rivers in 

 caverns, 300—304; at Adlesberg, 301, 

 305; in the Isle of Thermia, 302 ; of 

 Gaylenreuth, 305; of Kirkdale, 308 ; 

 of Miallet, 307, 386 ; caverns in the 

 south of France, &c., with human 

 bones and bones of extinct species of 

 quadrupeds, 305, 307 ; cavern of Ran- 

 cogne, near Angouleme, full of hu- 

 man and quadrupedal bones, 306; tra- 

 ditions of its having been a place of 

 refuge, ih. 



Caverns, English, in which fossil bones 

 have been discovered, 308. 



Cawk, or sulphate of barytes, 293. 



Cellular, full of pores or rounded cavi- 

 ties, as in some lavas, 55. 



pla7its, 39. 



Celts ancient, resided in caverns, 306; 

 destroyed by Csesar in their caverns, 

 ih. 



Central heat, in the earth, 3, 282; opin- 

 ions respecting it, 361 — 363. 



Cetaceous aninals allied to the whale 

 and seal; fossil remains of not com- 

 mon, 24. 



Chalcedony, 203. 



Chalk strata, formation of by aqueous 

 eruptions, holding calcareous earth in 

 solution or suspension, 208, 209. 



, Chap. XIV. 200; scarcely any 



trace of in Scotland, but occurs in 

 Ireland, ih.; fossil remains in exclu- 

 sively marine, 200, 203; vegetable re- 

 mains in very few, 204; equivalent 

 of, discoveredby Dr. Morton, in North 

 America, associated with tertiary 

 beds, ib. ; lignite, bed of, in the lower 

 chalk near Rochelle. ib. ; scaglia in 



