INDEX. 



469 



the Tyrolese Alps, a variety of chalk, 

 205; occurs with lias and oolite in 

 ■Savoy, ; in a liquid state, ejected 

 from the volcano of Macalaba in Si- 

 cily, 209; the foundation rock round 

 Paris, 218. 



Charnwood Forrest, granite of, more 

 ancient than that of the Alps, 152, 

 336; sandstone of, rests unconforma- 

 bly on beds of slate and granite, 336. 



Ckdteau Landon, freshwater limestone 

 or marble of, 232. 



Chert, in mountain limestone, 94. 



CAesAire, rock-salt of, 171. 



Chili, earthquake there in 1822, 68; 

 coast permanently raised by, ib. 



Chimborasso, in the chain of the Andes, 

 above one mile higher than Mont 

 Blanc, 62. 



Chlorite {from chlor as, green), nearly al- 

 lied to talc, 35; constituent parts of, 

 ik 



Classification, general, of rocks, 6; new- 

 classification into igneous and aque- 

 ous, 55; classification of primary 

 rocks, 56; of transition rocks, 83; 

 coal formation intermediate between 

 transition and secondary, 101 ; secon- 

 dary strata, classification of, 159; of 

 the secondary strata of Germany, by 

 R. J. Murchison, 189; classification 

 of tertiary strata round Paris, 219; of 

 the upper tertiary strata in various 

 parts, Chap. XVII. 237; classification 

 of the animal kingdom by Cuvier, 

 21 ; of the vegetable kingdom, 26. 



Clay slate. See Slate. 



stone, 130 ; of Braid Hill resembles 



, the trachyte of Auvergne, 278. 



Cleanage of slate mistaken for stratifica- 

 tion or. strata seams, 45. 



Clermont. See Auvergne. 



Cleveland, basaltic dyke, 135 ; hills of, 

 arrangement of strata in, 188. 



Clinkstone, or phonolite, 130, 133. 



Cloud's Hill dolomite limestone, singular 

 stratification of, 90. 



Clunch, or indurated clay, 103. 



Coal, Chap. VIII. 101; mineral varie- 

 ties of, 109 ; coal basons or coal fields, 

 foundation rocks on which they rest, 

 101, 102; series of strata comprising 

 a coal field, 103 ; coal fields deranged 

 by faults, 105, 106; coal strata, posi- 

 tion of, illustrated, 107; iron stone ac- 

 companying coal, frequent alterna- 

 tions of, 115; sinking for coal, 108; 

 searching for coal in new situations, 

 122; coal field of Derbyshire, depth 

 and structure of, 103; coal field of 

 Staffordshire, remarkalDle bed in, 107; 

 of Ashby Wolds, section of, 116; coal 

 field of South Wales, the largest in 

 Great Britain, 104, 126; coal, dura- 

 tion of in Northumberland and Dur- 



ham, 124, 370; coal, conversion of 

 vegetable matter into, 118 ; coal, for- 

 mation of in freshwater lakes and 

 marshes, 101,113; lower coal forma- 

 tions intermixed with marine beds, 

 103; coal called wood coal or lignite, 

 112, 120; at Cologne, 112; wood coal 

 elucidates the formation of mineral 

 coal, 112. 



Coal field of the valley of the Missis- 

 sippi, the largest in the world, 368; 

 its position illustrates the formation of 

 coal fields, ib. ; 369. 



fields, principal of England and 



Wales, 373. 



formations in France, 123. 



strata in the Yorkshire oolite, 185. 



Coast of Malabar, elevation of, 321. 



Conybeare, the Rev. W. D., on fossil 

 saurian animals, 180, 181. 



Col de Balme, 53. 



Cols, or depressions in mountain ranges^ 

 their formation explained, 354; pas- 

 sages over the Alps made by excava- 

 tions in beds of soft slate, 52. 



Coluirinar, or prismatic structure, 40. 



Compact, without any distinguishable 

 parts, 38. 



Compact felspar, or eurite, 65. 



Conchology, fossil, not sufficient for the 

 identification of strata in distant coun- 

 tries, 29. 



Conformable position, 43, 



transition rocks, observa- 

 tions on, 99. 



Conglomerates, large fragments of stone, 

 whether rounded or angular, and im- 

 bedded in clay or sandstone, 38, 86, 

 167. 



Contemporaneous, the term explained, 

 151 ; formations, 154. 



Coral islands formed by polypi, 75 ; 

 Captain Beechy's account of, 76; co- 

 ral reef 700 miles in length, west of 

 Australasia, 330. 



rag, 186, 188. 



Cordier, M., his mechanical analyses 

 of lava, 280; his theory of central 

 heat, 362. 



Coves or caves of Yorkshire, 302. 



Crag of Norfolk, Mr. Woodward's ac- 

 count of its extent, 249. 



Craters of eruptions, and craters of ele- 

 vation, Von Buch's theory of, 262. 



Craven, limestone of, 93. 



Crich Cliff , arched stratification of, 95; 

 metallic veins in it, ib. 



Crocodiles, fossil remains of, very com- 

 mon, 24; head of, found by E. Spen- 

 cer in the Isle of Sheppey, 222. 



Cropping out, in miners' language, 108. 



Cross courses in veins, 290. 



Crtcst of the globe, comparative thick- 

 ness of, 4, 129. 



Crystalline or primanj limestone (Chap, 



