474 



INDEX. 



233, in the Isle of Wight, 233, 234 ; 

 marine and freshwater animals of 

 great size, singular intermixture of 

 their remains at Castello Arquata, 

 247. 



Marl, composed of calcareous earth and 

 clay, 32; its use in agriculture, 324. 



Mastodon, skeletons of, in North Amer- 

 ica, 332; believed by the Indians not 

 to be extinct, 307,333; teeth of, found 

 at Alpnach, 225; a cut of, ih.; found 

 in the Andes, ib. ; in Norfolk crag, 

 236. 



Matlock High Tor, arched stratification 

 of, 95 ; a cavern and lake recently dis- 

 covered in, 302. 



Megalosaur%s, an enormous fossil liz- 

 ard, discovered by Dr. Buckland in 

 Stonesfield slate, 194 ; by Mr. Man- 

 tell, in the Wealden beds, ib. 



Megat/ierium,Q.n enormous carnivorous 

 animal, found fossil in America, 332. 



Metallic beds, 285; minerals, 284; ores, 

 rocks in which they occur, 298; found 

 in the sands of rivers, 297. 



veins, their structure and for- 

 mation, 28G, 295. 



Mica, description of, 35. 



slate, description of, 71 : its affinity 



to slate (clay slate), 73; allied to 

 gneiss, ib.-, occurs in Anglesea and 

 in Ireland, and in various alpine dis- 

 tricts, ib. ; minerals common in mica 

 slate, 74. 



Millstone grit, 102. 



Mill-stones, or burrh stones, brought 



from France, 233. 

 Mines, temperature of See Appendix. 

 Mississippi, great valley of, contains the 



largest coal field in the world, 368, 



369 ; structure of, 368. 

 Molasse, or soft tertiary sandstone, 220 



221. 



Molluscous animals, 21, 23. 

 Monkeys, no fossil remains of, 35, 333. 

 Mont Blanc, structure and vertical stra- 

 ta of, 59. 



Grenier, in Savoy, fall of, 316. 



Morains, piles of stones transported by 

 glaciers, 315. 



Mountain chains and ranges, 51, 53. 



limestone, or upper transition 



limestone, 89, 90; changes in, 93; 

 highly metalliferous, 90, 98; not to be 

 confounded with the caicaire alpin of 

 foreign geologists, 100, mountain lime- 

 stone of England and Wales, 90 — 97. 



ranges, elevation of. Chap. 



XXII. j?assim. 



Mountains, table of heights of, 376. 



Muschel Jcalk, a series of calcareous 

 strata between the red sandstone and 

 red marl in France and Germany, 

 wanting in England 164; muschel 

 kalk of Germany, 190. 



Muscle-bind, a stratum containing fresh- 

 water muscles in the coal strata of 

 Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 113. 



Murchison, R. J., his account of the se- 

 condary strata of part of Germany, 

 189 ; of the freshwater strata of 

 CEningen, 248. 



N. 



Nagel flue of Switzerland, or sandstone 

 conglomerate, 220. 



Ne^o red sandstone, probable formation 

 of, 161 ; lower new red sandstone be- 

 low rnagnesian limestone, discovered 

 by Professor Sedgwick, ib. : new red 

 sandstone and marl above magnesian 

 limestone, 162; arrangement of the 

 new red sandstone, where all the beds 

 are fully developed, in the Vosges, 

 163; middle beds of the new red 

 sandstone, the gres rouge and grts des 

 Vosges of the French geologists, ib. ; 

 the upper or variegated red sandstone, 

 the griis bigarri of the French geolo- 

 gists, ib. ; muschel kalk in France de- 

 posited between the variegated sand- 

 stone and the red marl, or marnes ir- 

 ris6es of the French, ib. ; red marl, 

 the upper part of the new red sand- 

 stone formation in England, ib. ; 

 chiefly formed by the decomposition 

 of rocks of trap and sienite, ib. ; low- 

 er new red sandstone, its arrangement 

 with magnesian limestone, and the 

 upper new red sandstone and marl, 

 given by Professor Sedgwick, 167; 

 red sandstone formation near White- 

 haven, 177. 



Niagara, Falls of, 216. 



Norfolk crag, the most recent of the ter- 

 tiary beds in England, 235; Mr. S, 

 Woodward's account of, ib.; Mr, 

 Taylor's account of, ih. ; rests ou 

 London clay, ib.; organic remains in, 

 336; tooth of a mastodon found in, 

 ib.; a similar formation said to be 

 discovered near Calais, ib. ; Brighton 

 cliffs in some parts resemble it, ib. ; 

 extent of the crag, 349. 



Nottingham sand rock, 166, 213. 



O. 



Obsidian, 130, 379. 



Ocean, depth and sal tn ess of, 4; once 

 covered the present continents, 13, 13. 



Oi^ningen, freshwater strata of, 248, 

 349. 



Old red sandstone, a variety of grey- 



wacke, 126. 

 O^itario lake, 316. 



Oolite formation, extent of in England, 

 183, 184; mineral and fossil charac- 

 ters, 184—186; triple division of the 



