316 



mighty arms. Every Ydtumat shall say: It is I, as he goes. (5). "We 

 may see thy power, 0 Jatavedas, speak thou against the Yatudhanas ; 

 thou who hast the eyes of man. All of them, by thee tormented, may 

 go before thee to this place, speaking out {prahruvdna).''^ Similarly, 

 Atharv. VIII., 6, 10 Those [demons], 0 herb,' destroy by thy 

 spell, the convicted ones {vishucindn'^'), vs. 15. 0 Brahmanaspati, an- 

 nihilate those demons to her by conviction {pratibddhenay^ See the 

 Appendix for the whole hymn. 



The Celtic datl has passed as a loanword into the Teutonic languages, 

 English, tattle ; Germ., Swedish, tadel, reproach, blame. Siegfried, 

 as appears from a note in his papers, seems to have been inclined to 

 connect it with the root DhA, to put, from which we have in Greek 

 Oe-Gfjio^ ; and in Gothic, dd-ms^ judgment, English, doo-m, in which case 

 the original meaning would rather have been judicial sentence, and 

 cause, court of justice, might be secondary significations. The suffix 

 tl would naturally be identified with the Greek -rpov, Lt. trum, Skr. 

 tra, though difi'ering in gender as far at least as the Welsh is concerned. 

 DA-TL (0) would be the means of deciding, judgment, action, court." 



There remain now the words ges.. uim danimauim [«.]. It is clear 

 at once that both have the same termination uim. Hence the character 

 after the second word resembling an s must be considered either as a 

 mere accidental scratch, or else as a mistake of the engraver. If we read 

 the termination of the two words with V, vim, we see at once the resem- 

 blance with the Greek (jav. The Greek (piv is one of a numerous set of 

 terminations, beginning in Sanscrit with hh ; in the Teutonic, Slavonic, 

 and Lithuanian, with m ; in Latin, and other Italic dialects, with h, f, 

 rarely p; in Greek, with 0, These terminations are remarkable for 

 their fickleness both of form and of meaning. I shall briefly point out 

 their various uses, merely observing with regard to their initial letter, 

 that Siegfried's opinion is highly probable, according to which they 

 would have originally begun with MBh, of which the Teutonic, Slavo- 

 nic, Lithuanian, have kept the M alone. We find terminations of this 

 kind employed in the following cases : — 



Dual. Instr. all. dat. Skr. hhydm = Zend hya ; Slavonic ma (inst. 

 dat.) ; Lith. m (inst. dat.) ; Greek -tv (gen. dat.). 



Plural. — 1. Instrumental, Skr. hhis, =Zend his, Old Pers. J/sA, Lith. 

 mis, Slav, mi. 



2. Dt. ahl. Skr. hhyas = Zend, hyd ; Lat. hus, his (nobis, vobis) ; 

 Gaulish, BO; Ir. h, hh ; Lith. mus, ms ; Slav, mu ; OldJN'orse, mr, m; 

 Gothic, Anglosaxon, Ohg. m ; Germ. n. 



3. Locative. Umbrian fem,fe ; Greek, (pii^, Trapa vav-<piv, 



4. Accusative, fin Umbrian msc. fem. 



5. In the form hhyam at the personal pronouns for the Dat. plur. in 

 Skr. = Greek -ii^, yjfuv, etc. 



* Siegfried puts " die iiberfuhrten," taking tlie word apparently in a passive sense. 

 The root sue' means " to declare openly." Hence, rather, " Those who confess." 



