IO 



The Museum Gazette 



European races keep nearer to the medium, but may pre- 

 sent as varieties very marked examples in one or the other 

 direction. 



It will be seen that these measurements concern the shape 

 of the head and not its size. Its capacity may be estimated 

 after death by filling the skull with shot or sand, and then 

 measuring the latter. In the living man the size can be 

 roughly inferred from outside measurements. In making 

 these it must be remembered that a skull which has less than 

 the average girth may make up for it in extra height. 



The terms " Prognathous " and " Orthognathous " refer to 

 the whole face rather than to the skull alone, that is, they 

 include the lower jaw. At any rate it is much easier to 

 appreciate these qualities when the lower jaw is present than 

 if it is absent. A face is prognathous if its lower parts are 

 unduly prominent in comparison with the forehead. All 

 animals, including all monkeys and apes, are prognathous. 

 It is in man only, and only in some men, that the vertical 

 or orthognathous face is met with. A retreating forehead 

 does not necessarily imply a prognathous face. 



The term facial angle is applied to the angle made between 

 a line drawn from the ear to the nostrils, and a vertical one 

 from the nostrils upwards. The wider this angle the less pro- 

 minent must be the forehead, and the more nearly orthog- 

 nathous the face. 



It is of much interest to note these peculiarities as they 

 may be observed in the heads of living persons or in portraits, 

 or perhaps still better, as they are represented by the skilful 

 caricaturist. It is desirable, however, to be on our guard not 

 to attach undue importance to them, in reference either to 

 race or character. 



Round Heads, Long Heads, and Tall Heads. — The term long- 

 headed in common speech usually means shrewd and calculat- 

 ing. In reference, however, to the study and classification 

 of mankind, it means definitely a head or skull which measures 

 more than the average from before backwards, and it must 

 be carefully distinguished from high, or tall-headed. Let me 



