84 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Aug. 8, 1889 



w 



THE FORTY-FOOT CLASS. 



E called attention last week to the fact that the sail area is a 

 very fair gauge of 'be cost of yachting, and though some 

 may be inclined to differ from us at Brst, a careful consideration 

 of the subject will show the eorrectnes-s of this view. Of the 

 attendant disadvantages apart from the expense in hard cash, 

 the most serious one is certainly excessive draft, and this 

 is to a very large extent regulated by the sail area, as our 

 sketches and tables show. As to the various items of money out- 

 lay, the first cost, depending upon the amounts of lead, canvas 

 and spars used; the renewals, more expensive to make and more 

 frequently required with an extravagantly large rL'; the running 

 expenses, including the number of crew; and ihe les&ened life of 

 the yacht; all vary m proportion to the sail plan as soon as tm's 

 assumes abnormal dimensions. The following table gives tbe sa il 

 areas of a number of well-known yachts, with their principal 

 dimensions. The figures are the official measurements bv the 

 method used in common by the New York and Seawanhaka clubs, 

 and are taken from the club hooks. The sail area is considered 

 as a triangle having a base e qual to the length from tbe intersec- 

 tion of the line of jibstay or luff of jib with bowsprit to the end 

 of boom, with M of gaff added; while the perpendicular is taken 

 from tbe upper side of main boom when en the saddle to the 

 under side of gaff t,opsaU block to sheave. While this is hut an 

 approximation, the error is nearly the same in all cases: so that 

 the result is sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes of 

 measurement, or for such a comparison as ours. 



Cinderella 



Liris . . . ... 



Ciara. design by Fife . 



Bertie 



Alga 



Oriva 



Tomahawk 



Mara quit a 



Gorilla 



Daphne 



Clara 



Regina 



Adelaide 



Cbiquita 



Verena 



Nymph 



Baboon 



Helen 



Minerva 



Maggie 



Vreda 



Ulidia 



C.B. 



K. 



K. 



C.B. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



C.B. 



C.B. 



K. 



C.B. 



C.B. 



C.B. 



C.B. 



C B. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



K. 



L-W.L. 

 Ft. In. 



Beam. 

 Ft. In. 



16. 09^ 

 IB. 00 



a j .04 



17.05 

 13.00 

 11.11 

 12.00 

 13.08 

 14.03 

 16.04 



9.01 

 16.02*6 

 14.11 

 13.04 

 14.06 

 14.00 

 13.03 

 12 06 

 10.06 



8.05 

 10.00 



7.03 



Draft. 

 Ft. In. 



10.00 

 9.06 

 6.06 

 8.03 

 9.00 



10.00 

 9.01 

 7.00 

 6.06 



10.00 

 4.03 

 7.00 

 7.04 

 6.00 

 6.00 

 8.03 



10.00 

 9.03 

 8.06 

 8.06 

 8.00 



3900 

 3603 

 3483 

 340) 

 3400 

 3364 



3262 

 3257 

 3230 



3130 

 8040 

 29^ 

 2930 

 2900 

 2900 

 2800 

 2751 

 2020 

 2500 

 2t90 



The difference in the sail areas is more clearly shown in the 

 accompanying diagram f n which the relative size of the sails of 

 some of the leading yacbtsare contrasted, each sail plan being 

 represented by a triangle. The greatest work done in proportion 

 to the power is in the narrow or medium cutters, Clara's sail, of 

 3220ft., driving a displacement of 375 tons, while Liris, with 3600ft., 

 has but 27 tons or less to move. The centerboard forty Gorilla, 

 with 13 tons less displacement, carries it much slower than Clara 

 does her 37.5 tons, and has a little more saH. The twenty-rater 

 carries about the same displacement as Gorilla, and probably 

 would be nearly as fast, but she has 750ft. less sail. 



To yachtsmen familiar with the aoove craft below deck and 

 knowing the accommodations which each affords, the table tells 

 a very nlain story. At the ii-ad of tbe list is Cinder. 11a. a fast 

 centerboard of the compromise type, 52t't. on l.w.l.; hut the next 

 hoat, with almost as targe a rig. is the new forty, Liris, 12ft 

 shorter. The next is the design for a wider Clara which we 



20-ftATEB. CLARA. 



spoke of last week, and which has never been built from. Going 

 down the list it is a long way before the fastest of the whole lot 

 is reached, the narrow Clara with her rig of onlv 3220ft. Above 

 her are the new forties Tomahawk, Maraquita and Gorilla, the 

 sloop Daphne, of 46ft., as well as Liris and Cinderella. In the 

 matter of speed, after several seasons' racing Ciara has found 

 none of the lot to beat her, ar d though, it is possible that Cinder- 

 ella might be made to do so, she has never yet done it. Clara can 

 easily save her time off of the best of the forties, and she has ju^t 

 beaten the 45f C. A'ga very easily. For a given sail a,fpa then it 

 must be conceded that Clara lias proved herself faster than the 

 rest of the fleet in a range of three classes from 40 to 53ft.; but in 

 spite of her speed we should never recommend Clara, of six 

 beams, as a desirable model, especially in American waters. The 

 necessity for extreme narrow beam no longer exists, and there is 

 everv reason on the score of comfort on deck and below, and es- 

 pecially in working ship in a race, why more beam is desirable. 

 Clara's interior plans, published in Forest and Stream of Nov. 

 8, 1888, show that in the matter of ample space and convenient 

 arrangement she is a very hue boa*, but with a moderate increase 

 of beam from 9ft. to lift. 4.in., the deck room and cabins would be 

 materially improved, as shown in the plans published Dec. 9, 

 1886, the angle of heel being at the same time lessened. The speed 

 of this last boat is merely problemati'-al, hut in view of the suc- 

 cess of Minerva and Clara it seem" certain that she would be very 

 fast. Her saH area, as will he seen, is hut little greater than 

 Tomahawk's, but her interior would be incomparably superior. 



For the purpose of further comparison we have p otted the out- 

 line of Liris's hull and sails over the sail plan of Clara. In the 

 matter of room Liris is certainly a wonder on 40 t. Hei section, 

 given last week, shows the main cabin, a wide room 8ft. long, 

 with a very wide locker on each side, the inclined back folding 

 up to make a berth at night, giving room for four in the cabin. 

 The table is large, and there is ample width of floor. A space of 

 about 3ft. is set off for the companion, on the port side being a 

 passage to the after cabin, as well as lamp locker, closet for 

 coats, and a set of drawers beside it. On the starboard side is a 

 toilet room opening from tbe after cabin. This latter room is 

 nearly 8ft. long, with two permanent berths and a seat in front of 

 each. Forward of the main cabin is a second toilet room, aoreast 

 tbe mast opposite to i% is the ice-box and pantry, on the port side 

 is a naphthastove.while forward arethebertbsfortheeaptamand 

 crew. Compared with the other forties, or with most center- 

 board yachts up to 50ft., the accommodations are very superior, 

 but judged on their own merits there is a great deai too much 

 crowded into the limited length. To race her successfully with 

 her big spars requires two hands besides a captam and mate, 

 making five with the steward, a crew as large as Clara's, hut there 

 is not length in tne forecastle for so many; the captain is berlhf d 

 in a hammock cot among his crew, and the cooking and sleep- 

 ing quarters are brought very close together. 



The centeruoard ooats. such as Nymph and Verena, naturally 

 have rather less room, there being the big trunk in the center and 

 limited dep*h at each end under tbe deck. The cabin is aft, as 

 usual, there being an owner's room on starboard side of trunk, with 

 toilet room forward, the headroom here being much less than in the 

 kesl boats. Gorilla has a very good cabinand also plenty of head- 

 room forward, being flush decked. Verena and Nymuli have per- 

 manent berths on each side in the main cabin, as shown. 



Going now to the smallest of the class, Minerva, the arrange- 

 ments are similar to Liris, butthe width of the main cabin is lets, 

 there being narrower sofas and no berths above, though there is 

 space for them if desired. Both main and after cabins are roomy 

 and comfortable, there is ample room for two in the after cabin, 

 two in the main cabin, and her captain, two hands and steward 

 forward; while her n'g of 2.754ft. can be easier handled by a crew 

 of eight than the 3,600f fc. of Liris by twelve men. We have natur- 

 ally taken Liris as the basis for comparison as she is the most 



Relative Prqportions of Sail Plans. 



Comparison or Sail Plans of Liris and Clara. 



Dotted lines Liris, full lines Clara. 



Midship Section of.20-Rater. 



