PEOTOZOA — FOEAMINIFEEA. 



19 



Many species marked by d'Orbigny as fossil are now known Gallery 

 to live also in modern seas, and many recent ones have since 

 been found fossil. In the following classification these 

 models are referred to as " 0 1, 2, 3, &c." 



The adjoining series of models, prepared by Prof A. E. Wall- 

 Eeuss and Dr. Anton Fritsch of Prague in 1861, was 

 intended to supplement the series by d'Orbigny. These are 

 arranged in the order of the catalogue issued with them, the 

 classification being that of Eeuss. Since an account of it is 

 given in the paper by Parker, Jones, and Brady, quoted 

 above, we need say here only that Nos. 1-30 are Imperforata ; 

 Nos. 31-100, Perforata; Nos. 1-18 have arenaceous shells, 

 while all the rest are calcareous. These models are referred 

 to as ''E 1, 2, 3, &c." 



The classification followed in the arrangement of the 

 actual specimens, whether British or foreign, is that used by 

 Brady in his report on the Foraminifera collected by 

 H.M.S. ' Challenger.' According to this, the genera are 

 arranged in ten families, nowadays often raised to the 

 rank of Orders. These are : (1) Allogromiidae, horny- 

 shelled and mostly freshwater ; none fossil. (2) Miliolidae 

 (Fig. 3, a, h, c), comprise all porcellanous shells ; this division 

 exhibits a great many plans of shell-building, including 

 several that are also found among arenaceous and hyaline 

 Foraminifera ; examples of nearly all these occur as fossils. 

 (Models, 0 8, 18, 31-33, 90-97, 100, E 16-21, are Miliolinae ; 

 0 22, 81, E 26, 27, are Hauerininae ; 0 16, 20, 21, 24, 48, 

 E 15, 22-25, 29, 30, are Peneroplidinae ; 0 50, Alveolininae). 

 (3) Astrorhizidae, arenaceous and irregular, usually mono- 

 thalamous and seldom truly septate ; Saccammina is well- 

 known in Carboniferous Limestone, but there are few other 

 fossils of this family. (4) Lituolidae (Fig. 3, d, e), 

 arenaceous, truly septate and more regular; the shell-form 

 is diverse; and among exhibited fossil examples of the 

 various types are Lituola (E 1-4, 13), Trochammina, 

 Nodosinella, Stacheia, and Endothyra. Except for a few 

 Endothyrinae, all the preceding families have essentially 

 imperforate shells; the remaining families are essentially 

 Perforata. (5) Textulariidae, usually arenaceous, but the 

 smaller species are hyaline; shells usually composed of a 

 double or triple series of alternating segments ; Textularia 

 (Fig. 3, I, 0 7, 28, E 75) is a common fossil (0 2, 25, 

 56-58, 66, E 5-7, 10-12, 14, 28, 76, belong to the same 

 sub-family) ; Bulimina (Fig. 3, n, 0 9, 68, E 8, 9, 64, 85), 



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