LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS IN TEXT. vii 



FIG. PAGE 



12. Fossil Sponge spicules : Silicispongiae, Tetractinellida Lithistida. (After 



Hinde) 37 



13. Ditto Ditto 37 



14. Fossil Sponge spicules : Silicispongiae, Monactinellida. (After Hinde) . 38 



15. A Calcisponge, Peronidella, Great Oolite ...... 39 



16. Lithistid sponges from Upper Greensand, Warminster. (After Hinde) . 40 



17. Verruculina, Chalk of Flamborough ....... 41 



18. A fossil jelly-fish, Bhizostomites, from Solenhofen. (After Walcott and 



Brandt) 44 



19. An early form of Graptolite, Didymograptus ..... 46 



20. A Favositid coral, Syringolites, Silurian. (After Hinde) ... 51 



21. Silurian Anthozoa, possibly Alcyonaria, Wenlock Limestone : Halysites, 



Aulopora . . . . . . . . . . .52 



22. Palaeozoic Anthozoa : Omphyrna (from Prestwich) ; Syringopora . . 53 



23. A Devonian operculate coral : Calceola ...... 54 



24. Zoantharian corals of Bajocian age : Latomaeandraea, Montlivaltia. 



(From Prestwich) .......... 55 



25. Zoantharian corals of Upper Corallian age : Isastraea, Thecosmilia. 



(From Prestwich) .......... 56 



26. Zoantharian corals from the British Chalk : Synhelia, Parasynilia, 



Stephanophyllia. (From Prestwich) ...... 56 



27. Perforate Zoantharian corals from the Lutetian, Bracklesham : Turbi- 



nolia, Dendropliyllia, Goniopora. (From Prestwich) .... 57 



28. A simple form of Crinoid : Botryocrinus ... . . 60 



29. Types of Cystidea : Aristocystis, Echinosphaera, Protocrinus, Lepadocrinus 64 



30. A typical Blastoid : Orophocrimis ....... 66 



31. Edrioaster Bigsbyi. (After Bather) ....... 67 



32. Palaeozoic starfishes : Schtichei'tia, Palasterina ..... 69 



33. A Palaeozoic Ophiuroid : Lapworthura ...... 70 



34. Types of Fossil Echinoidea : Palaechinus, Archaeocidaris, Cidaris, Hemi- 



cidaris, Salenia, Dysaster, Enallaster, Catopygus. (From Messrs. 



Black) 73 



35. The tubicolous Polychaete : Ortonia ....... 78 



36. Supposed coiled tubes of Polychaeta : Spirorbis ..... 79 



37. A worm-casting from the Solenhofen Stone : Lumbricaria. (After 



Baier) 80 



38. Diagram of a Trilobite : Dalmanites ....... 82 



39. Reconstruction of a Trilobite : Triarthrus. (After Beecher) ... 84 



40. Examples of Trilobites : Agnostus, Olenus, Staurocephalus ... 85 



41. Restoration of a Eurypterid : Slimonia. (After Laurie, from Woods) . 87 



42. A modern Xiphosure : Lminlus ........ 89 



43. Silurian primitive Scorpions ; Palaeophonus. (After Pocock, from 



Lankester) ........... 90 



44. Eophrynus Prestvicii from the Coal Measures. (After Pocock) . . 91 



45. A typical Crustacean : Glyphaea. (From Woods) ..... 92 



46. Fossil Crustacea : Dromilites, Palaeocorystes, Eryon, Mecochirus, Cypri- 



dea, Loricula ........... 94 



47. Anthrapalaevion Woodwardi, Coal Measures. (From H. Woodward) . 96 



48. Isopods : Palaega, Aega ......... 97 



49. An ancestor of the Crabs : Palaeinachus. (After H. Woodward) . . 101 



50. A fossil crab : Rhachiosoma. (After H. Woodward) .... 103 



51. A "fossil millipede : Euphoberia ........ 104 



52. Cockroaches of the Coal Measures : Eteoblattina, Progonoblattina. (After 



Scudder and Heer) ... ...... 106 



53. Wings of Neuroptera from the Coal Measures : Lithosialis, Brodiea . 106 



54. A Neuropterous (?) insect from the Coal Measures : Lithomantis. (After 



H. Woodward) 107 



55. Shell of a Silurian Brachiopod, Atrypa 108 



