108 GUIDE TO THE FOSSIL INVEETEBRATE ANIMALS. 



Gallery Lake Constance, and the Brown Coal of Eott near Bonn, 

 also Miocene, all furnish their quota. The Indusial Lime- 

 12b. stone of Lower Miocene Age from Offenbach is composed of 

 the cast-off cases of caddis-worms, Pliryganea. Many insects 

 also come from the Miocene deposits of Eadoboj in Croatia, 

 and among these a cricket {Gryllacris Ungeri) is preserved in 

 a most life-like attitude. Other Miocene insects are seen in 

 amber cast up on the shores of the Baltic, just as they are 

 preserved in the hardened gums of later age from Zanzibar 

 and elsewhere. 



Further information may be obtained from " The Fossil 

 Insects of North America," by S. H. Scudder (New York, 

 1890), and from the handbook by A. Handlirsch, " Die 

 Fossilen Insecten" (Leipzig, 1906-07). 



BEACHIOPODA. 



Gallery Following on the Arthropoda, are exhibited the com- 

 Ealt side ^^nest of all fossils, the Brachiopods or Lamp-shells. The 

 Wall-cases important specimens contained in the Davidson, Sower by, 



10 & 11. and Gilbertson Collections have already been noticed. (See 

 Table-cases □ i n ^ 

 17-19. rr- ^^') 



[Also The Brachiopoda are animals that live in the sea, and 



Gallery XI. have a soft body enclosed in an external shell with two 

 10 & 13-^16.] ^^"^^^^^ (^^g- ^^)- "^^^^y ^^^^^^ ^^^^ something like bivalve 



Fig. 55. — Shell of a common Silurian Brachiopod, Atrypa reticularis." a, 

 ventral or peduncular valve; &, dorsal or brachial valve. ,- Shows 

 bilateral symmetry, and slightly greater size of ventral valve. 



MoUusca ; but both the shell and the soft parts have really 

 a very different structure from those of the Mollusca. So 

 much of the anatomy of the Brachiopoda as is important to 

 the student of fossils, is illustrated by the large coloured 

 diagrams in the wall-cases. 

 Wall-cases The two valves of the shell he on the back and front of 

 10 & 11. the animal, not on its sides as in bivalve molluscs. Each 



