220 



Scientific Geology. 



will explain these anomalies. In the west part of Westfield, and 

 near the center of Hatfield, the lower beds of this formation have a 

 dip to the west of about 10°. The same is the case also in Bernards- 

 ton. In the north part of Hadley, I have observed strata running 

 nearly east and west, and dipping* 10° north. The probable presence 

 of granite at no great depth in all these cases will readily account for 

 these exceptions. 



Although the new red sandstone must come in contact with the 

 primary rocks on both borders of the Connecticut valley, yet I have 

 discovered the actual junction only in one spot. Half a mile south of 

 the " Glen," or Gorge, in Leyden, near a saw mill, the peculiar 

 conglomerate made up of argillo-micaceous slate and quartz, reposes 

 upon that slate, and has a dip to the south from 20° to 30° ; while the 

 slate is nearly perpendicular, and the course of its edges nearly north 

 and south. Admitting the elevation of the slate subsequent to the de- 

 position of the sandstone, the southern slope of the edges of the for- 

 mer in Leyden, will explain the southern dip of the latter at this place. 



The following are the dip and direction of the new red sandstone 

 in several places in Massachusetts, where it does not seem to have 

 been subject to local deviations. 



Between West Springfield and Westfield, along Westfield river, 

 east of the greenstone ; direction, north and south ; dip, 15° to 20 Q 

 east. 



Mount Tom, beneath the greenstone ; direction, north and south ; 

 dip, 15° to-20° east. 



Most northerly lime quary, West Springfield ; direction, north and 

 south j dip, 15° east. 



Rock Ferry, (S. Hadley, at Titan's Pier) ; direction, nearly north 

 and south ; dip, 20° east. 



Sunderland ; direction, generally north and south ; dip, between 

 10° and 15° east. At Whitmore's Ferry, however, the stratum con- 

 taining the ichthyolites, is nearly horizontal : but this is overlaid by 

 sandstone, dipping east from 5° to 10°. 



Deerfield; (Sugar Loaf and Deerfield mountain ;) direction, north 

 and south; dip, 10° to 15° east. 



Do. at Hoyt's quarries, in the west part of the town ; dip, 15° to 

 20° east. 



Greenfield ; near the village ; dip, 20° to 30° east. 

 Other localities might be cited, but it seems unnecessary. It ought, 

 however, to be mentioned, that as we go south into Connecticut, where 



