Ciliary Motions in Reptiles and Warm-blooded Annuals. 127 



I next examined the same parts in pigeons. On the mucous 

 lining of the wind-pipe and nose, the ciliary motion was found 

 as in the rabbit ; I sought for it also on the membranous parie- 

 tes of the abdominal air-cells, but without success. I could not 

 perceive it in the oviduct, but I lay no stress on this negative 

 result, as the only two examples in which I was able to examine 

 this part were young pigeons, and as I met with repeated fail- 

 ures before detecting the motion in the Fallopian tube of the 

 rabbit. 



The reptiles examined were the water salamander or newt, 

 the toad, and the frog. In all the three I found the ciliary 

 motion very distinct in the mouth and gullet ; in none of them 

 could I find it in the lungs, notwithstanding very careful trials. 

 In regard to the oviduct, I have as yet been able to examine it 

 only in the newt, and hitherto without success ; for although I 

 could indistinctly perceive something like the motion on the 

 edges of its superior orifice, I could not detect it on the internal 

 surface of the tube, on carefully inspecting it in various parts 

 of its long extent, and in several specimens. 



The ciliary motion within the throat of the batrachia is very 

 remarkable. It occurs from the opening of the mouth all the 

 way to the termination of the oesophagus. The direction of 

 the impulsion is easily ascertained by means of particles of 

 charcoal, and I have in this way taken some pains to trace it 

 exactly. Figures 2 and 3 represent the parts where the mo- 

 tion exists, and the direction of the impulsion in the newt, and 

 figures 4 and 5 the same in the toad, the appearances in the 

 frog being entirely similar. The arrows point out the situa- 

 tion and direction of the currents. In Figs. % and 4, a is the 

 lower jaw, detached from the head, b the tongue, c the glottis, 

 d the oesophagus, cut off from the head (at g, «o, Figs. 3 and 

 5), and laid open from above, e the stomach, and the lungs. 

 The general course of the currents is longitudinal, beginning 

 at the symphysis of the lower jaw, and extending to the lower 

 end of the oesophagus, where they terminate abruptly in a very 

 striking manner. At particular parts they, for the most part, 

 follow the direction of the plaits of the lining membrane. 

 Figures 3 and 5 represent the head and the roof of the mouth. 



