the names of Leviathan and Behemoth. 267 



Here, for instance, in this verse itself, putting Thanin quite 

 aside, Leviathan is named both that piercing serpent and that 

 crooked serpent. Isa. xxvii. 1, 44 In thai day the Lord, with 

 his sore, and great, and strong sword, shall punish Leviathan 

 that piercing serpent, even Leviathan that crooked serpent, and 

 he shall slay the Thanin that is in the sea." Many examples of 

 a similar phraseology might be quoted ; but it is most satisfac- 

 tory to take some from this prophet himself. We have several 

 even in this twenty-seventh chapter, of which the most in point 

 is in the 11th verse, 44 He that made them will not have mercy 

 on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour." 

 The Hebrews have several names for the lion, and this prophet 

 introduces two of them together in chapter xxx. 6, 44 The bur- 

 den of the beasts of the south : Into a land of trouble and an- 

 guish, from whence come the young lion'" (labia), "and the old 

 lion" (laish) ; where there is no authority for the young and old 

 of our translators. The examples of this manner of speech in 

 Isaiah are endless ; and I shall set down only two more that 

 open up in the same pages with the verse under discussion. 

 Chapter xxv. 2, 44 For thou hast made of a city an heap, and of 

 a defenced city a ruin and verse 7th, 44 And he will destroy 

 in this mountain the face of the covering cast over all people, 

 and the vail that is spread over all nations.*' 1 



It can be still more readily demonstrated, that in Psalm 

 lxxiv. 13, 11, quoted also by Mr Thompson, both Thanin 

 and Leviathan are intended to express the same animal. The 

 poet here obviously refers to the passage of the Red Sea, and the 

 destruction of the Egyptians there ; so that Thanin and Levia- 

 than are both types of Egypt. That both terms express the 

 same animal becomes obvious from attending to the structure of 

 the different clauses of the poem, in which, from the beginning, 

 there is frequently a repetition of a thought expressed in varied 

 terms. Thus, in verse 2d, 44 Remember thy congregation 

 which thou hast purchased of old,'" is repeated, 44 the tribe of 

 thine inheritance which thou hast redeemed. ,, Verse 9th, 44 We 

 see not our signs, there is no more any prophet,"" is followed by 

 the equivalent, 44 neither is there among us that knoweth how 

 long." Verse 10th, 44 How long shall the adversary reproach,"" 

 is repeated thus, 44 shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for 



