11 



downwards, and is inserted into the scapula above the last named. Be- 

 neath these rhomboids exists a deeper muscle, also of a rhomboid shape, 

 which is attached to the necks of the first and second ribs, and is inserted 

 near the point of the blade of the scapula. 



Serratus is a small, thin, square muscle, arising by an aponeurotic 

 expansion from the lower edge of the upper ribs ; the fibres pass down- 

 wards and backwards, and are inserted into the anterior border of the 

 scapula, below the origin of the teres minor. 



Semispinalis dorsi, or sacrolumbalis, arises from the upper border of 

 the posterior portion of the crest and dorsum of the ilium, and from the 

 sides of the lower vertebrae, by fleshy fibres, which pass forwards and 

 a little outwards, to be inserted into the angles of the five upper ribs by 

 tendinous and fleshy fasciculi. Lying internal to this we find the 

 longissimus dorsi, attached below to the posterior and inner half of the 

 crest of the ilium, and to the sides of the lumbar vertebrae ; the muscle 

 runs upwards and forwards, and at the lower part of the neck divides 

 into several fasciculi, which run to be inserted into the sides of the 

 transverse processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae : the most inter- 

 nal band continues upwards, to be attached to the five or six upper cervical 

 transverse processes, and to a pit above the foramen magnum on the 

 occipital bone. This muscle seems to consist of several portions which 

 in other animals are distinct. 



Levatores costarum posteriores, seven in number, arise tendinous and 

 fleshy from the transverse process of the seven upper dorsal vertebrae, and 

 run outwards and backwards, to be inserted into the outer surface of 

 the ribs as far as the angle ; their action is to elevate or fix the vertebral 

 ribs. Spinalis dorsi passes from the lower to the upper dorsal spines, 

 but seems not to be attached to any regular number of vertebrae. 



Scalenus — a small triangular mass — arises from the posterior tubercle 

 of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra, and is inserted 

 into the upper border of the first rib, close to its vertebral articulation. 



Multifidus colli consist of many slips, which pass from the anterior 

 tubercles of the transverse processes on the sides of the cervical vertebrae 

 to be inserted into the prominent tubercle on the middle of the anterior 

 aspect of the body of the vertebra above. There is also a posterior set of 

 these muscles, which run from the posterior tubercle of the transverse 

 process of each vertebra to the spinous process of the vertebra above. 



A thin biventer cervicis may be found, arising by an aponeurosis 

 from the dorsal vertebrae, and inserted along with the longissimus dorsi. 

 On the front of the thorax, the great pectoral is seen — flat, thin, fleshy, 

 and triangular — arising from the outer edge of the sternum and the three 

 upper sternal ribs, and passing outwards to be inserted into the ridge 

 on the upper and outer parts of the humerus below its head. 



"When the integument is removed from the face, a series of facial 

 muscles are exposed, principally connected with the eye, which is 

 guarded by two nearly equal lids, whose edges are beset with stiff, 

 everted hairs, longer on the upper than on the lower lid. Transverse fibres 

 run into the substance of the lower lid, like the remains of an orbicularis 



