6 



downwards and backwards ; when retracted, this organ lies at the bottom 

 of the cloaca, curved ; it has two muscles inserted into it, one at either 

 side, which would serve to compress its texture. The dorsal groove 

 terminates at its apex, where the investing membrane is red, and covered 

 with a large number of sentient papillae. There are inserted into the 

 cloaca a pair of long round muscles on either side, which do not appear 

 in the female, and which are attached to the rami of the pubis. A very 

 strong sphincter guards the orifice of the cloaca! sac. 



The pancreas is about ten inches long, and is included between the 

 first two turns of the duodenum, and surrounded by peritoneum ; in 

 colour it is pink, and is very soft, loose, and granular in texture ; from 

 its centre passes the pancreatic duct, which commences in the gland by 

 two branches, which unite before it passes from the gland substance ; 

 its duct opens into the second fold of duodenum, nearly three feet from 

 the hepatic. 



The liver consists of two nearly equal lobes, the right being pro- 

 longed a little lower down than the left ; these lobes are separated 

 above by the vena cava, which grooves the organ ; a falciform ligament 

 also exists on the upper surface. The right lobe in the female exhi- 

 bited an extravasation, and the capsule was very easily separated. ]STo 

 gall bladder existed. A small quadrate lobe exists behind the notch for 

 the apex of the heart, and still farther back the outline of a Spigelian 

 lobe is visible, separated from the former by a short transverse fissure, 

 to which the lesser omentum is attached, and behind which is a large 

 oval opening or foramen of Winslow. Through the transverse fissure 

 the vena porta from the intestines passes upwards, and to the right a 

 small branch or lesser porta pierces the left lobe. In front and to the 

 left emerges the duct, which begins by three small branches, and passes 

 behind the duodenum to the right, opening, three inches below the stomach, 

 into that intestine. The liver has two lateral ligaments, and many ves- 

 sels ramify between the layers of the left. 



The large abdominal veins commence in the pelvic cavity, and 

 pass forwards, one on either side, along the kidneys, grooving them 

 as far as the middle of these glands, and lying about an inch apart; in 

 this situation they bend inwards and unite, and then separate 

 almost immediately, so as to form the figure of X ; they still border 

 the kidney, and unite at the upper edge of these glands, where the 

 left one, the larger, passes over and joins the right ; the vessels previous 

 to this union receive the external iliac veins, and the femorals, which 

 are separated from the femoral arteries by the kidneys, the latter vessel 

 lying posterior. 



The cava ascends inclined a little to the right, comes in contact with 

 the lower border of the liver, and passes in the sulcus between the two 

 lobes, then receives the vense cavss hepaticse, and ends above in the right 

 auricle. 



In the thoracic portion of the somatic cavity the heart is seen in the 

 centre, contained in the pericardium, a conical sac, the apex of which is 

 very acute, and is directed downwards, and surrounded by the liver, be- 

 tween the lobes of which it lies. This fibro-serous membrane is con- 



